Browsing by Author "Casanova, Jean-Laurent"

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Accounting for genetic heterogeneity in homozygosity mapping: Application to Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease
(Bmj Publishing Group, 2011-08) Grant, Audrey V.; Dupuis, Stephanie Boisson; Herquelot, Eleonore; de Beaucoudrey, Ludovic; Santos, Orchidee Filipe; Nolan, Daniel K.; Feinberg, Jacqueline; Boland, Anne; Al-Muhsen, Saleh; Sanal, Özden; Çamcıoğlu, Yıldız; Palanduz, Ayşe; Bustamante, Jacinta; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Abel, Laurent; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatri Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581; AAH-1658-2021; 34975059200
Introduction Genome-wide homozygosity mapping is a powerful method for locating rare recessive Mendelian mutations. However, statistical power decreases dramatically in the presence of genetic heterogeneity. Methods The authors applied an empirical approach to test for linkage accounting for genetic heterogeneity by calculating the sum of positive per-family multipoint LOD scores (S) across all positions, and obtaining corresponding empirical p values (EmpP) through permutations. Results The statistical power of the approach was found to be consistently higher than the classical heterogeneity LOD by simulations. Among 21 first-cousin matings with a single affected child, for five families linked to a locus of interest and 16 families to other loci, S/EmpP achieved a power of 40% versus 28% for heterogeneity LOD at an alpha level of 0.001. The mean size of peak linkage regions was markedly higher for true loci than false positive regions. The S/EmpP approach was applied to a sample of 17 consanguineous families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, leading to the identification of two mutations in IL12RB1 and TYK2 from the largest of six linkage regions at p<10(-3). Conclusions The S/EmpP approach is a flexible and powerful approach that can be applied to linkage analysis of families with suspected Mendelian disorders.
Functional STAT3 deficiency compromises the generation of human T follicular helper cells
(The American Society of Hematology, 2012-04-26) Ma, Cindy S.; Avery, Danielle T.; Chan, Anna; Batten, Marcel; Bustamante, Jacinta; Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie; Arkwright, Peter D.; Kreins, Alexandra Y.; Averbuch, Diana; Engelhard, Dan; Magdorf, Klaus; Minegishi, Yoshiyuki; Nonoyama, Shigeaki; French, Martyn A.; Choo, Sharon; Smart, Joanne M.; Peake, Jane; Wong, Melanie; Gray, Paul; Cook, Matthew C.; Fulcher, David A.; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Deenick, Elissa K.; Tangye, Stuart G.; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatri Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581; AAH-1658-2021; 34975059200
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for providing the necessary signals to induce differentiation of B cells into memory and Ab-secreting cells. Accordingly, it is important to identify the molecular requirements for Tfh cell development and function. We previously found that IL-12 mediates the differentiation of human CD4(+) T cells to the Tfh lineage, because IL-12 induces naive human CD4(+) T cells to acquire expression of IL-21, BCL6, ICOS, and CXCR5, which typify Tfh cells. We have now examined CD4(+) T cells from patients deficient in IL-12R beta 1, TYK2, STAT1, and STAT3 to further explore the pathways involved in human Tfh cell differentiation. Although STAT1 was dispensable, mutations in IL12RB1, TYK2, or STAT3 compromised IL-12-induced expression of IL-21 by human CD4(+) T cells. Defective expression of IL-21 by STAT3-deficient CD4(+) T cells resulted in diminished B-cell helper activity in vitro. Importantly, mutations in STAT3, but not IL12RB1 or TYK2, also reduced Tfh cell generation in vivo, evidenced by decreased circulating CD4(+)CXCR5(+) T cells. These results highlight the nonredundant role of STAT3 in human Tfh cell differentiation and suggest that defective Tfh cell development and/or function contributes to the humoral defects observed in STAT3-deficient patients.
Human TYK2 deficiency: Mycobacterial and viral infections without hyper-ige syndrome
(Rockefeller Univ Press, 2015-09-21) Kreins, Alexandra Y.; Ciancanelli, Michael J.; Okada, Satoshi; Kong, Xiao-Fei; Ramirez-Alejo, Noe; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; El Baghdadi, Jamila; Nonoyama, Shigeaki; Mahdaviani, Seyed Alireza; Ailal, Fatima; Bousfiha, Aziz; Mansouri, Davood; Nievas, Elma; Ma, Cindy S.; Rao, Geetha; Bernasconi, Andrea; Kuehn, Hye Sun; Niemela, Julie; Stoddard, Jennifer; Deveau, Paul; Cobat, Aurelie; El Azbaoui, Safa; Sabri, Ayoub; Lim, Che Kang; Sundin, Mikael; Avery, Danielle T.; Halwani, Rabih; Grant, Audrey V.; Boisson, Bertrand; Bogunovic, Dusan; Itan, Yuval; Moncada-Velez, Marcela; Martinez-Barricarte, Ruben; Migaud, Melanie; Deswarte, Caroline; Alsina, Laia; Kotlarz, Daniel; Klein, Christoph; Muller-Fleckenstein, Ingrid; Fleckenstein, Bernhard; Cormier-Daire, Valerie; Rose-John, Stefan; Picard, Capucine; Hammarstrom, Lennart; Puel, Anne; Al-Muhsen, Saleh; Abel, Laurent; Chaussabel, Damien; Rosenzweig, Sergio D.; Minegishi, Yoshiyuki; Tangye, Stuart G.; Bustamante, Jacinta; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie; KILIÇ GÜLTEKİN, SARA ŞEBNEM; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatrik İmmünoloji Anabilim Dalı; AAH-1658-2021
Autosomal recessive, complete TYK2 deficiency was previously described in a patient (P1) with intracellular bacterial and viral infections and features of hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), including atopic dermatitis, high serum IgE levels, and staphylococcal abscesses. We identified seven other TYK2-deficient patients from five families and four different ethnic groups. These patients were homozygous for one of five null mutations, different from that seen in P1. They displayed mycobacterial and/or viral infections, but no HIES. All eight TYK2-deficient patients displayed impaired but not abolished cellular responses to (a) IL-12 and IFN-alpha/beta, accounting for mycobacterial and viral infections, respectively; (b) IL-23, with normal proportions of circulating IL-17(+) T cells, accounting for their apparent lack of mucocutaneous candidiasis; and (c) IL-10, with no overt clinical consequences, including a lack of inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular responses to IL-21, IL-27, IFN-gamma, IL-28/29 (IFN-lambda), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were normal. The leukocytes and fibroblasts of all seven newly identified TYK2-deficient patients, unlike those of P1, responded normally to IL-6, possibly accounting for the lack of HIES in these patients. The expression of exogenous wild-type TYK2 or the silencing of endogenous TYK2 did not rescue IL-6 hyporesponsiveness, suggesting that this phenotype was not a consequence of the TYK2 genotype. The core clinical phenotype of TYK2 deficiency is mycobacterial and/or viral infections, caused by impaired responses to IL-12 and IFN-alpha/beta. Moreover, impaired IL-6 responses and HIES do not appear to be intrinsic features of TYK2 deficiency in humans.
Inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies underlying tuberculosis in childhood
(Wiley, 2015-03-01) Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie; Bustamante, Jacinta; El-Baghdadi, Jamila; Camcioglu, Yildiz; Parvaneh, Nima; El Azbaoui, Safaa; Agader, Aomar; Hassani, Amal; El Hafidi, Naima; Mrani, Nidal Alaoui; Jouhadi, Zineb; Ailal, Fatima; Najib, Jilali; Reisli, İsmail; Zamani, Adil; Yosunkaya, Sebnem; Gülle-Girit, Saniye; Yıldıran, Alişan; Cipe, Funda Erol; Torun, Selda Hançerli; Metin, Ayşe; Atıkan, Başak Yıldız; Hatipoğlu, Nevin; Aydoğmuş, Çiğdem; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Doğu, Figen; Karaca, Neslihan; Aksu, Güzide; Kütükcüler, Necil; Keser-Emiroğlu, Melike; Somer, Ayper; Tanır, Gönül; Aytekin, Caner; Adimi, Parisa; Mahdaviani, Seyed Alireza; Mamishi, Setareh; Bousfiha, Aziz; Sanal, Ozden; Mansouri, Davood; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Abel, Laurent; KILIÇ GÜLTEKİN, SARA ŞEBNEM; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatrik İmmünoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581; AAH-1658-2021
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and a few related mycobacteria, is a devastating disease, killing more than a million individuals per year worldwide. However, its pathogenesis remains largely elusive, as only a small proportion of infected individuals develop clinical disease either during primary infection or during reactivation from latency or secondary infection. Subacute, hematogenous, and extrapulmonary disease tends to be more frequent in infants, children, and teenagers than in adults. Life-threatening primary TB of childhood can result from known acquired or inherited immunodeficiencies, although the vast majority of cases remain unexplained. We review here the conditions conferring a predisposition to childhood clinical diseases caused by mycobacteria, including not only M.tb but also weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria. Infections with weakly virulent mycobacteria are much rarer than TB, but the inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies underlying these infections are much better known. Their study has also provided genetic and immunological insights into childhood TB, as illustrated by the discovery of single-gene inborn errors of IFN- immunity underlying severe cases of TB. Novel findings are expected from ongoing and future human genetic studies of childhood TB in countries that combine a high proportion of consanguineous marriages, a high incidence of TB, and an excellent clinical care, such as Iran, Morocco, and Turkey.
Monogenic mutations differentially affect the quantity and quality of t follicular helper cells in patients with human primary immunodeficiencies
(Mosby-elsevier, 2015-10-01) Ma, Cindy S.; Wong, Natalie; Rao, Geetha; Avery, Danielle T.; Torpy, James; Hambridge, Thomas; Bustamante, Jacinta; Okada, Satoshi; Stoddard, Jennifer L.; Deenick, Elissa K.; Pelham, Simon J.; Payne, Kathryn; Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie; Puel, Anne; Kobayashi, Masao; Arkwright, Peter D.; El Baghdadi, Jamila; Nonoyama, Shigeaki; Minegishi, Yoshiyuki; Mahdaviani, Seyed Alireza; Mansouri, Davood; Bousfiha, Aziz; Blincoe, Annaliesse K.; French, Martyn A.; Hsu, Peter; Campbell, Dianne E.; Stormon, Michael O.; Wong, Melanie; Adelstein, Stephen; Smart, Joanne M.; Fulcher, David A.; Cook, Matthew C.; Phan, Tri Giang; Stepensky, Polina; Boztug, Kaan; Kansu, Aydan; Ikinciogullari, Aydan; Baumann, Ulrich; Beier, Rita; Roscioli, Tony; Ziegler, John B.; Gray, Paul; Picard, Capucine; Grimbacher, Bodo; Warnatz, Klaus; Holland, Steven M.; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Uzel, Gulbu; Tangye, Stuart G.; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; KILIÇ GÜLTEKİN, SARA ŞEBNEM; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/İmmunoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581
Background: Follicular helper T (T-FH) cells underpin T cell-dependent humoral immunity and the success of most vaccines. T-FH cells also contribute to human immune disorders, such as autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and malignancy. Understanding the molecular requirements for the generation and function of T-FH cells will provide strategies for targeting these cells to modulate their behavior in the setting of these immunologic abnormalities.Objective: We sought to determine the signaling pathways and cellular interactions required for the development and function of T-FH cells in human subjects.Methods: Human primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) resulting from monogenic mutations provide a unique opportunity to assess the requirement for particular molecules in regulating human lymphocyte function. Circulating follicular helper T (cT(FH)) cell subsets, memory B cells, and serum immunoglobulin levels were quantified and functionally assessed in healthy control subjects, as well as in patients with PIDs resulting from mutations in STAT3, STAT1, TYK2, IL21, IL21R, IL10R, IFNGR1/2, IL12RB1, CD40LG, NEMO, ICOS, or BTK.Results: Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in STAT3, IL10R, CD40LG, NEMO, ICOS, or BTK reduced cT(FH) cell frequencies. STAT3 and IL21/R LOF and STAT1 gain-of-function mutations skewed cT(FH) cell differentiation toward a phenotype characterized by overexpression of IFN-gamma and programmed death 1. IFN-gamma inhibited cT(FH) cell function in vitro and in vivo, as corroborated by hypergammaglobulinemia in patients with IFNGR1/2, STAT1, and IL12RB1 LOF mutations.Conclusion: Specific mutations affect the quantity and quality of cT(FH) cells, highlighting the need to assess T-FH cells in patients by using multiple criteria, including phenotype and function. Furthermore, IFN-gamma functions in vivo to restrain T-FH cell-induced B-cell differentiation. These findings shed new light on T-FH cell biology and the integrated signaling pathways required for their generation, maintenance, and effector function and explain the compromised humoral immunity seen in patients with some PIDs.
Orf infection in a patient with stat1 gain-of-function
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2015-01) Puel, Anne; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü/Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581; AAH-1658-2021; 34975059200
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMC) refers to a group of immunodeficiencies, characterized by persistent or recurrent infections of the skin, nails, and mucosae caused by Candida. It is typically caused by inborn errors of IL-17 immunity. Orf, also known as contagious ecthyma, is a zoonotic infection caused by a dermatotropic parapoxvirus that commonly infects sheep and goats; it is transmitted to humans through contact with an infected animal or fomites. While orf is usually a benign self-limiting illness, it can be progressive and even life-threatening in immune-compromised hosts. A 34-year-old man with autosomal dominant CMC due to a heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutation cut his hand with a knife during slaughter. Giant orf infection developed in 2 weeks. He was successfully treated by cidofovir injections every other week for 4 months. This is the first patient with severe orf in the context of a well-defined genetically identified PID: CMC and inborn error of IL-17 immunity due to a GOF STAT1 mutation.
A patient with tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency without hyper-IgE syndrome
(Mosby-Elsevier, 2012-06) Boisson, Stephanie Dupuis; Kreins, Alexandra Y.; Grant, Audrey V.; Abel, Laurent; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Hacımustafaoğlu, Mustafa; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Pediatri Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-8571-2581; AAH-1658-2021; 34975059200; 6602154166
We describe a Turkish patient with tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency who suffered from disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guerin infection, neurobrucellosis, and cutaneous herpes zoster infection. Tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency should be considered in patients susceptible to herpes viruses and intramacrophage pathogens even in the absence of atopy, high serum IgE, and staphylococcal disease.
Unique and shared signaling pathways cooperate to regulate the differentiation of human CD4(+) T cells into distinct effector subsets
(Rockefeller University Press, 2016-07-25) Ma, Cindy S.; Wong, Natalie; Rao, Geetha; Nguyen, Akira; Avery, Danielle T.; Payne, Kathryn; Torpy, James; O'Young, Patrick; Deenick, Elissa; Bustamante, Jacinta; Puel, Anne; Okada, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Masao; Martinez-Barricarte, Ruben; Elliott, Michael; El Baghdadi, Jamila; Minegishi, Yoshiyuki; Bousfiha, Aziz; Robertson, Nic; Hambleton, Sophie; Arkwright, Peter D.; French, Martyn; Blincoe, Annaliesse K.; Hsu, Peter; Campbell, Dianne E.; Stormon, Michael O.; Wong, Melanie; Adelstein, Stephen; Fulcher, David A.; Cook, Matthew C.; Stepensky, Polina; Boztuğ, Kaan; Beier, Rita; İkincioğulları, Aydan; Ziegler, John B.; Gray, Paul; Picard, Capucine; Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie; Tri Giang, Phan; Grimbacher, Bodo; Warnatz, Klaus; Holland, Steven M.; Uzel, Gülbü; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Tangye, Stuart G.; Kılıç, Sara Şebnem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı.; AAH-1658-2021; 34975059200
Naive CD4(+) T cells differentiate into specific effector subsets-Th1, Th2, Th17, and T follicular helper (Tfh)-that provide immunity against pathogen infection. The signaling pathways involved in generating these effector cells are partially known. However, the effects of mutations underlying human primary immunodeficiencies on these processes, and how they compromise specific immune responses, remain unresolved. By studying individuals with mutations in key signaling pathways, we identified nonredundant pathways regulating human CD4(+) T cell differentiation in vitro. IL12R beta 1/TYK2 and IFN-gamma R/STAT1 function in a feed-forward loop to induce Th1 cells, whereas IL-21/IL-21R/STAT3 signaling is required for Th17, Tfh, and IL-10-secreting cells. IL12R beta 1/TYK2 and NEMO are also required for Th17 induction. Strikingly, gain-of-function STAT1 mutations recapitulated the impact of dominant-negative STAT3 mutations on Tfh and Th17 cells, revealing a putative inhibitory effect of hypermorphic STAT1 over STAT3. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the requirements for human T cell effector function, and explain clinical manifestations of these immunodeficient conditions. Furthermore, they identify molecules that could be targeted to modulate CD4(+) T cell effector function in the settings of infection, vaccination, or immune dysregulation.