Browsing by Author "Gencer, Nimet Sema"
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Item A comparative evaluation of the susceptibility to insecticides and detoxifying enzyme activities in Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Panonychus ulmi (Acarina: Tetranychidae)(Taylor & Francis, 2011) Susurluk, Hilal; Kumral, Nabi Alper; Gencer, Nimet Sema; Yalçın, Cem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9442-483X; A-1388-2019; 15846048400; 8863967900; 36062093300The ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) does not provide sufficient mite control in many of the apple orchards in Bursa, despite being an effective and voracious predator of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). This is due in large part to a heavy dependency on organophosphate (OP) and synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides, which were applied to target key pests. To help understand the effects of the insecticides on the ladybird beetle and its main prey, P. ulmi, this study aims to determine their susceptibilities to the residues of parathion-methyl and bifenthrin and detoxifying enzyme activities, such as carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, the insensitivity of acetylcholineesterase (AChE) to the inhibitors, paraoxon and primicarb, is also determined. There are differences in susceptibility to parathion-methyl, in CarE activity and AChE insensitivity, among the populations of predator ladybird and the spider mite. Although GST might play an important role in detoxifying OPs, there is no relationship between susceptibility to parathion-methyl and bifenthrin and GST activity in both the ladybird and the spider mite. On the other hand, two S. gilvifrons populations were surprisingly tolerant to two insecticides. The disparity in susceptibility to parathion-methyl among the predator populations was due to the responsibility of multiple biochemical resistance mechanisms, including elevated CarE activity and target-site insensitivity. Furthermore, the tolerance of the two populations of ladybirds to bifenthrin was similar to that of two P. ulmi populations collected from the same orchards, which indicates a coadaptation to SPs. Therefore, enhanced detoxification by increased activity of CarE is largely responsible for the observed tolerance to bifenthrin in S. gilvifrons populations. Consequently, these results demonstrate that the ladybird species tend to develop resistance to insecticides in the field.Item Determination of the species of curculionoidea superfamily on alfalfa fields (Medicago sativa L.) and their distribution in Bursa province of Turkey(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2010) Coşkuncu, Kıymet Senan; Gencer, Nimet Sema; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.This study was carried out to determine superfamily species of Curculionoidea which is living in the alfalfa areas of Bursa province of Turkey during 2004-2005. Insect samplings were collected by sweep net over a 7-12 day period, on alfalfa fields. In this study, among determined species, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal 1813), Apion pisi (Fabricius 1801), Sitona macularius (crinitus) (Marsham 1802), Sitona hispidulus (Fabricius 1777) and Sitona humeralis Stephens 1831 were recorded as important pests and widespread. The most abundance species rates were Apion pisi 85.0%, Hypera postica 7.2%, S. humeralis 3.4%, S. macularis 2.1%, S. hispidulus 1.3 % respectively. Nonetheless Sitona lineatus (Linneaus 1758), Sitona flavescens (Marshall 1802), Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham 1802), Ceutorhynchus anatolicus Schultze, 1900, Phyllobius sp., Protapion trifolii (Linnaeus 1768), Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal 1813), Gymnetron rotundicolle Gyllenhal 1838 were also found in towns of Bursa province. S. flavescens, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus, C. anatolicus, Protapion trifolii, C. gibbirostre were the first record in Bursa province.Publication Effects of five essential oils on three generalist predators and two important whitefly parasitoids(Lithuanian Research Centre Agriculture & Forestry, 2023-01) Şen, Emre; Gencer, Nimet Sema; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Şen, Emre; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; IYS-3359-2023; EWK-9746-2022The experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University in October 2020 - May 2021. The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effects of five essential oils on five important biological control agents. The commercially obtained essential oils of carrot, wintergreen, ginger, wormwood, and clove were shown to be toxic to biological control agents Orius laevigatus, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Macrolophus pygmaeus, Encarsia formosa, and Eretmocerus eremicus in three doses: 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 v/v. After 3 hours, for the predator O. laevigatus, the most effective (100%) oils were wintergreen and clove oils, while for N. tenuis, the most effective were wintergreen (100%), wormwood (100%), and clove (97%) ones. After 24 hours, ginger oil showed a 95% mortality effect on M. pygmaeus. The parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus were less affected by the oils, only wormwood oil had a slightly deleterious effect on the parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus (mean 53% and 43%, respectively).Item Sampling and development of economic injury levels for Anthonomus rubi Herbst adults(Elsevier Sci, 2005-12) Kovancı, Orkun Barış; Kovancı, Bahattin; Gencer, Nimet Sema; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; AAH-2039-2021Field studies were conducted in northwestern Turkey from 1998-2000 to examine population dynamics of adult strawberry blossom weevils (Anthonomus rubi Herbst), and to establish economic injury levels based on the relationship between densities of overwintered adults and yield losses. Adult weevils were sampled weekly in untreated and insecticide-treated plots using a sweep net. Sweep net catches showed that the abundance of A. rubi adults had two peaks; the first between late-April and early-May, and the second between late-June and mid-July. Linear regression revealed a strong relationship between overwintered and new-generation adult densities. The overwintered-generation adults had generally higher mean population densities than the new-generation. A significant linear decrease was observed in strawberry yields as densities of overwintered-generation adults increased. Percentage yield losses varied between 1.64% and 13.42% among sites. Estimated economic injury levels ranged from 1.00 to 4.00 adults per sweep depending on the management scenario, control cost, control efficacy, and crop value.Publication Toxic effects of essential oils against bemisia tabac (gennadius, 1889) (hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its certain important natural enemies(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2023-03-01) Sen, Emre; Gencer, Nimet Sema; Gencer, Nimet Sema; GENÇER, NİMET SEMA; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; IYS-3359-2023In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of five different commercially available essential oils; aloe vera, borage, cacao, horse chestnut and nettle seed oils against egg, nymphal and pupal stages of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and its important natural enemies namely, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, and Orius laevigatus Fiber. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions in 2021 at Bursa Uludag University, Turkey. The essential oil solutions were applied at %0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 doses and mortality rates were noted after 24, 48 and 72 hours of essential oils application. As a result, it was determined that the insect species most affected by the plant oils were the predators, the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of whitefly and the parasitoid species, respectively. Borage and horse chestnut oils showed high effects (100%) on predatory adults after 24 hours. It was determined that all N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus adults died after 48 hours in the trial. The egg, nymphal and pupal stages of B. tabaci were most affected by plant oils, respectively. B. tabaci eggs and pupal stages were the most affected from cacao oil with a mortality rate of 100%. Moreover, nymphal stage of B. tabaci was the most affected by horse chestnut oil with a mortality rate of 100% after 72 hours. Parasitized pupae were found to be the least affected individuals in the trial. Aloe vera oil was the least effective essential oil in the experiment. Eggs and nymphal stages of B. tabaci, O. laevigatus, E. formosa and E. eremicus were affected by aloe vera oil with mortality rates of 53.33%, 46%, 53%, 46% and 36%, respectively. Horse chestnut and cacao oils were harmful to the immature stages (egg, nymphal and pupal) of B. tabaci and all predator adults (M. pygmaeus, N. tenuis, O. laevigatus), but they had slightly harmful on parasitoid species in the experiment.