Browsing by Author "Toprak, Tuba"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Combined one-bath desizing-scouring-depilling enzymatic process and effect of some process parameters
(Springer, 2016-10-11) Toprak, Tuba; Aniş, Pervin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021; 57191611318; 6505864579
Enzymatic treatments in textile are remarkable because of their environmentally friendly properties, such as less energy, water and chemical need, low waste water pollution. In this paper combined use of amylase, pectinase and cellulase in the same bath was studied in different parts. In the first part of the experiment, raw cotton woven fabrics were treated with amylase, pectinase and cellulase enzymes in the same bath at different process conditions to desize, scour and polish. Results showed that one-bath triple enzymatic mixture process could be done successfully. Therefore, it could be used instead of conventional processes. Moreover, the enzymatic process was completed almost in half of the conventional treatments’ durations and temperatures. In the second part, effects of enzymes’ dosages were analyzed by using enzymes in pairwise combinations. By this way, not only the effects of the amount of enzymes but also the effects of each enzyme on each fabric property were seen more distinctly. The increases of enzymes’ concentrations led to an increase in every tested value except tear strength. Pectinase ? cellulase combination resulted in minimum tear strength and whiteness, but maximum absorbency. Usage of enzymes one-by-one constituted the final part of the study. It had been found that amylase affected whiteness and absorbency, cellulase affected tear strength particularly. Although combined enzymatic treatments were conducted at more moderate conditions than conventional processes, comparable results were observed.
Dyeing properties of orgonobase-induced poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric
(Sage Publications, 2020-05-21) Toprak, Tuba; Aniş, Pervin; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölüm; 0000-0001-8475-3197; 0000-0002-6295-637X; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021
Polyester is the most used of the synthetic fibers used in the textile industry. Nonetheless, due to its structure, the use of only disperse dyes for dyeing creates a significant weakness in its coloring. In this paper, the utilization of reactive and acid dyes in the dyeing of polyester after chemical modification with guanidine-based polymer is investigated. The dyeing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics with reactive and acid dyes was succeeded via modification with guanidine-based polymer. The effects of this polymer on disperse dyeing were also investigated. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, duration, pH, different amounts of salt and alkaline, the different dyes and processes were investigated for modifying and dyeing PET. The optimum parameters for reactive dyeing were found to be modification and dyeing in the same bath at 100 degrees C for 60 minutes without salt and alkaline, for which the obtained color strength (12.87) was higher than that of conventional disperse dyeing with carrier (10.43). In addition, polymer modification at 130 degrees C for 60 minutes before disperse dyeing provided higher color depth (24.39) than dyeing of PET by the conventional disperse high temperature method (22.48). Color fastness in laundering and the perspiration of modified and reactive dyed fabrics reached good to excellent levels (4/5). The modified and dyed samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared. Tensile tests and flexural rigidity tests for modified and reactive dyed samples were also conducted. The results indicate that the quality of the beginning material was not degraded after being modified and dyed.
Effect of chemical modification with 4-vinylpyridine on dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyestuff
(Springer, 2018-11) Toprak, Tuba; Anis, Pervin; Kutlu, Egemen; Kara, Ali; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Kimya Bölümü.; 0000-0001-8475-3197; 0000-0003-2457-6314; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021; JKA-6533-2023; AAG-6271-2019; 57191611318; 6505864579; 57203903282; 7102824859
Cotton fabrics were pre-treated with 4-vinylpyridine before dyeing to increase dye uptake. Various treatments for the application of monomers to fabrics were tried in different combinations and after dyeing the best result was obtained with alkali impregnation and monomer exhaustion. After decisions had been made on the processes to be applied before dyeing, different amounts of monomer, dyestuff and salt were used in reactive dyeing baths at different pHs. The results were evaluated in terms of color coordinates, color strength, FT-IR and fastness to washing, rubbing and perspiration. The best results were obtained with 3ml of 4-vinylpyridine dissolved in 10ml of alcohol, in the presence of 25g L-1 of salt and in neutral medium at 5% dyestuff concentration. Color strength from this dyeing process was higher than from the conventional dyeing at the same dyestuff concentration. FT-IR analysis demonstrated the presence of monomer on the surface of the fabric. Fastness values showed that this method could be used as an alternative to the conventional method.
Investigation of the effects of environmentally friendly degumming methods on silk dyeing performance
(Sage Publications, 2019-04-01) Aniş, Pervin; Toprak, Tuba; Yener, Eyüphan; Çapar, Göksen; ANİŞ, PERVİN; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Yener, Eyüphan; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017; GJY-8115-2022
In this paper, firstly the effects of environmentally friendly degumming methods on the morphology and structure of fibers have been investigated. Then the dyeing behaviors of environmentally friendly degummed silk fibers were analyzed. In the dyeing process, acid and reactive dyes were used at various dye concentrations. To analyze dyeing characteristics of these fibers, investigations of washing fastness and measurements of color parameters were carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of degummed silk fibers showed that the high temperature (HT) degumming method was more successful than the other methods, but the results were comparable. Weight loss values were also supported by SEM images. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of degummed fibers showed that particles remaining on the surface were the most likely to indicate sericin residue. Fourier transform infrared spectra of raw and degummed fibers with different methods demonstrated typical absorption bands appointed to the peptide bonds (-CONH-) and no major differences were observed. When band intensity was examined, the most intense bands belong to the HT degumming process. The differential scanning calorimetry curves of conventionally and alternatively degummed silk fibers showed two endotherms at around 100celcius and 320celcius because of water loss and beta-sheet fibroin decomposition, respectively. The acid and reactive dyeing of the degummed fibers by environmentally degumming methods gave similar color strength and washing fastness values compared with conventionally degummed fibers.
A new environmentally-friendly method of dyeing lyocell/cotton blended fabrics
(Sage Puplications Inc, 2018) Toprak, Tuba; Şardağ, Sibel; Aniş, Pervin; 0000-0001-8475-3197; 0000-0001-9177-0059; B-5740-2017; AAY-8629-2021; AAH-3948-2021; 57191611318; 23467956700; 6505864579
In this study, three different dyeing processes were applied to knitted fabrics made of Tencel-brand lyocell fiber and cotton in different ratios. The processes in this study consisted of scouring, bleaching, and dyeing. Using fabrics consisting of various lyocell and cotton blend ratios, color and fastness properties were evaluated. The reasons for this process diversity were to develop optimal processes for these fabric blends and to investigate the possibility of defibrillation, bleach residue removal, and dyeing in the same bath. Results indicated that lyocell/cotton blended fabrics containing 50% or more of cotton could be dyed in the bleaching bath. Alkaline washing only was sufficient for fabrics with a lyocell ratio of 75% or greater, resulting in chemical and energy savings.
Pamuklu kumaşlarda kombine enzim proseslerinin geliştirilmesi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014) Toprak, Tuba; Aniş, Pervin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
Bu tez çalışmasında, enzimlerle kombine olarak pamuk kumaşa ön terbiye işlemleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada haşıl sökme, hidrofilleştirme, biyo-parlatma işlemleri enzimlerle kombine olarak farklı sıcaklıklarda, sürelerde, pH'larda ve konsantrasyonlarda yapılmıştır. Enzimlerle üçlü, ikili ve tekli olarak çalışılmıştır. Enzimatik ön işlemin sonuçları konvansiyonel ön işlem ve ham kumaşın test sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yırtılma mukavemeti, hidrofilite, beyazlık, parlaklık, haşıl sökme ve boncuklanma testleri yapılmıştır. Deneyin ilk kısmını oluşturan üçlü enzim kullanımlarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bazik ortamda yapılan enzimatik işlemin beyazlık, parlaklık, hidrofilite değerleri asidik ortamın değerlerinden yüksekken, asidik ortamın da yırtılma mukavemeti değerleri daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Konvansiyonel ön işlem en düşük yırtılma mukavemeti değerini verirken, en yüksek beyazlık, parlaklık, hidrofilite değerlerini vermiştir. Haşıl sökme ve boncuklanmada enzimatik ve konvansiyonel işlemler arasında fark görülmemiştir. Sıcaklık ve süre artışı, yırtılma mukavemeti değerlerinde azalmaya sebep olurken, beyazlık, parlaklık ve hidrofilite değerlerini artırmış, boncuklanma ve haşıl sökme değerlerinde değişiklik yaratmamıştır. Deneyin ikinci kısmında, enzimler ikili kombinasyonlar halinde artan konsantrasyonlarda, farklı pH'larda, sabit sıcaklık ve sürede kullanılmışlardır. Konsantrasyon artışı, yırtılma mukavemeti hariç bütün testlerin değerlerinde artış sağlamıştır. Asidik ortamda çalışan enzimlerin sadece yırtılma mukavemeti değerleri bazik ortama göre daha iyidir. Bazik ortamda işleme sokulan pektinaz+selülaz kombinasyonu en düşük yırtılma mukavemeti, beyazlık, parlaklık ve en yüksek hidrofilite değerlerini vermiştir. Deneyin üçüncü kısmında enzimler tekli olarak kullanılmıştır. Çıkan sonuçlara göre amilaz enzimi haşılın uzaklaşmasını sağlayarak beyazlık ve parlaklıkta, selülaz ve pektinaz enzimleri pamuktaki safsızlıkların uzaklaştırılmasını sağlayarak hidrofilitede artışa sağlamıştır. Selülaz enzimi aynı zamanda selülozun hidrolizine sebep olarak yırtılma mukavemeti kaybında artışa sebep olmuştur. Enzimatik kombine işlem çok daha kısa sürelerde ve çok daha düşük sıcaklıklarda yapılmasına rağmen konvansiyonel yönteme yakın değerler vermiştir.
Sericin assisted eco-friendly reactive dyeing for cotton fabric
(Springer, 2019-07-01) Aniş, Pervin; Toprak, Tuba; Kutlu, Egemen; ANİŞ, PERVİN; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Kutlu, Egemen; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; KSM-4304-2024; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021
A large amount of salt has been used in reactive dyeing of cotton. In this study, the reduction in the amount of salt used in reactive dyeing of cotton fabric after the sericin application by different methods was investigated in detailed. The effects of different cross-links (citric acid and butane tetracarboxylic acid) for the bonding of the sericin to the cotton fabric were also investigated. The results were evaluated in terms of color coordinates and color strength, washing and rubbing fastness, and crease recovery angle. Presence of the sericin onto cotton fabric after the application was evidenced with FT-IR spectra. The application of sericin and subsequent dyeing resulted in similar color depths to the conventional dyeing even with half the salt used in conventional reactive dyeing. The presence of cross-links in the pre-treatment baths did not reveal significant differences in color strengths compared to used only sericin. The fastness values of reactive dyed fabrics after sericin application had similar fastness values with traditional dyed ones. Crease recovery angles showed an increase after sericin pre-treatment. Sericin application before reactive dyeing could be one of the best alternative ways to reduce salt usage in reactive dyeing.[GRAPHICS].
Sericin removal from silk fibers with eco-friendly alternative methods
(Ege Üniversitesi, 2016-12-20) Çapar, Gökşen; Aniş, Pervin; Toprak, Tuba; Yener, Eyüphan; Uludaǧ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliǧi Bölümü.; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021; 6505864579; 57191611318; 57194457102
Silk fibers, composed of sericin and fibroin, are spun by the silkworm bombyx mori. Fibroin and sericin account for about 75 wt% and 25 wt% of the raw silk, respectively. Sericin is the natural cement to hold the fibroin fibers together during cocoon production. The conventional method of sericin removal is degumming with Marseille soap at alkaline pH, which leads to generation of high strength wastewaters. In this study, extraction of sericin from silk fibers was performed with alternative methods, i.e., degumming at high temperature-high pressure and enzymatic degumming under different process conditions. The results were compared with conventional method in terms of fiber whiteness, brightness, weight loss, breaking strength and elongation. The conventional process, enzymatic process with 8% savinase and 1100 C in the high temperature process results were comparable, which indicated that alternative methods can be used for degumming of sericin.
The effect of enzymatic modification on the dyeability of polyester fabric with reactive dye
(Amer, 2020-11-01) Toprak, Tuba; Anis, Pervin; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017
The inert chemical structure of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) prevents its dyeability with reactive dyes. In this study, the reactive dyeability of polyester fabrics after enzymatic surface modification with different lipases and cutinase was investigated. The reason for the hydrophilicity of the fiber after enzymatic treatment was thought to be functional groups produced after this process, but their peak intensities in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were low and shaded by other functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the enzymatic treatment did not cause any surface damage. A slight staining (K/S = 0.30) of the PET fabrics with the reactive dye occurred after enzymatic treatments. Moreover, the fastness to washing and rubbing of the reactive dye stained fabrics were good to excellent.
The effect of enzymatic modification on the dyeability of polyester fabric with reactive dye
(Amer Assoc Textile Chemists Colorists-aatcc, 2020-11-01) Toprak, Tuba; Anis, Pervin; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021
The inert chemical structure of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) prevents its dyeability with reactive dyes. In this study, the reactive dyeability of polyester fabrics after enzymatic surface modification with different lipases and cutinase was investigated. The reason for the hydrophilicity of the fiber after enzymatic treatment was thought to be functional groups produced after this process, but their peak intensities in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were low and shaded by other functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the enzymatic treatment did not cause any surface damage. A slight staining (K/S = 0.30) of the PET fabrics with the reactive dye occurred after enzymatic treatments. Moreover, the fastness to washing and rubbing of the reactive dye stained fabrics were good to excellent.
The effects of the combined process of enzymatic bleach clean-up, enzymatic defibrillation and dyeing on the comfort and physical properties of tencel/cotton knitted fabrics
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2019-11-11) Sardağ, Sibel; ŞARDAĞ, SİBEL; Toprak, Tuba; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Anis, Pervin; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0001-9177-0059; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017; AAY-8629-2021
This study aimed to investigate the comfort and physical properties of raw and finished knitted fabrics made of yarns with different Tencel/cotton blend ratios. For this purpose, Ne 20 yarns were produced with the same twist coefficient on the same production line. Fabric samples were produced on the same knitting machine. The raw fabrics were subjected to two different combined enzymatic pre-treatments and dyeing processes. In the first process, enzymatic defibrillation and dyeing were carried out in the same bath. In the second, enzymatic bleach clean-up, defibrillation and dyeing were conducted in the same bath. The comfort and physical properties of all the raw and finished fabric samples were measured according to the relevant standards. The results were assessed statistically. The results of this study showed that with increased percentage of Tencel in the blend, the water vapor and air permeability, fabric roughness, pilling, thermal absorption and loss of mass values of the fabrics increased, whereas thermal conductivity values decreased. It was observed that the fabrics which were subjected to enzymatic defibrillation and dyeing processes in a single bath gave lower surface roughness and abrasion values but higher air permeability values; while those subjected to enzymatic bleach clean-up, defibrillation and dyeing in a single bath gave higher thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity values. Comparison of the two processes showed that there were no significant differences in the pilling and the water vapor permeability values obtained from both processes.