Browsing by Author "Ulu, Tufan Can"

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Bursa ili Nilüfer ilçesi Görükle mevkii topraklarında entomopatojen nematod sürveyi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2010) Armağan, Birtan; Ulu, Tufan Can; İkizer, Tolga; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.
Bu çalışmada Bursa İline bağlı Nilüfer İlçesi Görükle mevkiinde entomopatojen nematodların (EPN) tespiti için tüm ilçeyi temsil edecek şekilde toprak örnekleri alınmış ve bu örnekler Galleria mellonella L. larvası ile “insect bait” tekniği kullanılarak alınan örneklerdeki EPN’ler izole edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 7860 m2 lik alandan toplam 88 adet numune alınmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonunda toplam 4 adet EPN tespit edilmiş olup, bunlar Steinernema sp. olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ve tespit edilen türler yöre için ilk kayıt olma özelliğini taşımaktadır.
Comparison of hermaphrodites of hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and its parents on reproduction capacity
(Ege Üniversitesi, 2021-01-01) Ulu, Tufan Can; Özbudak, Gizem; Düzenli, Elif Özge; Çakır, Şeyrna Hümeyra; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Özbudak, Gizem; Düzenli, Elif Özge; Çakır, Şeyrna Hümeyra; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0003-3640-1474; B-6308-2011; AAG-7131-2021; FPE-3049-2022; CNN-6967-2022
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are microscopic roundworms used in biocontrol. EPNs are obligate insect parasites, they live in soil, and they are especially effective against soilborne insects. They are a good alternative to chemical pesticides thanks to their advantages, such as prolonged longevity, broad host range and mass production suitability. However, EPNs cannot compete with chemical pesticides due to high production costs and short shelf life. The aim of this study was to determine the reproduction capacity of the Turkish hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and then compare it with its parents to improve its liquid culture yield. In this way, it is aimed to reveal the effects behind the high reproduction potential of the hybrid HBH strain. All experiments were performed at Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, in 2020. All cadavers were periodically dissected, hermaphrodites were counted and their body lengths were measured. Compared to its parents, the hybrid HBH strain had greater hermaphrodite counts, with mean 66 individuals within 12 days, and hermaphrodite body length, with mean 3.88 mm. The results obtained from this study should provide information for commercial EPN production development.
Conspecific and heterospecific dispersal effect of exometobolomes on some entomopathogenic nematode species
(Soc Nematologists, 2022-12-10) Ulu, Tufan Can; Erdoğan, H.; Cruzado, K. R.; Sadic, B.; Lewis, E. E.; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020
Detection of dead entomopathogenic nematodes in microscope images using computer vision
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2013-11-05) Kurtulmuş, Ferhat; Ulu, Tufan Can; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; R-8053-2016; B-6308-2011; 15848202900; 55955615200
Entomopathogenic nematodes are soil-dwelling living organisms which have been widely used for controlling agricultural insect pests as part of biological control. Because easy to use procedures have been developed for their application using standard sprayers, they are one of the best alternatives to pesticides. In laboratory procedures, counting is the most common, laborious, time-consuming and approximate part of the studies conducted on entomopathogenic nematodes. Here, a novel method was proposed to detect and count dead Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes from microscope images using computer vision. The proposed method consisted of three main algorithm steps: pre-processing to obtain the medial axes of the nematode worms as accurately as possible, separation of overlapped nematode worms with a skeleton analysis; and detection of dead nematodes using two different straighter line detection methods. The proposed method was tested on 68 microscope images which included 935 live worms and 780 dead worms. Proposed method was able to detect the worms in microscope images successfully with recognition rates of over 85%. (C) 2013 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of different dripper properties on entomopathogenic nematode application in drip irrigation
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Ulu, Tufan Can; Erdoğan, Hilal; Kuşçu, Hayrettin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020; AAH-4682-2021; 57216199216
There are many types of drippers with different flow path length, flow path shape and filtration surface. EPN delivery performance of the most commonly used four different types of drippers (in-line short path, in-line long path, in-line cylindrical and on-line button) was examined with a drip irrigation system in laboratory conditions. Under four different pressures (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 bar), EPNs were applied to 1-liter beakers with irrigation system and discharged nematodes were counted under a stereomicroscope. The effect of pressure on application and EPN mortality were also determined. The results showed that there were significant differences between the discharge ratio of EPNs from drippers. Among the four drippers, on-line button dripper sustained the highest and fastest discharge ratio. Pressure alone had no significant effect on delivering EPNs. However, it should be considered that long pressure exposure may harm EPNs. Regarding our results, different irrigation drippers have significantly different effects on EPN discharge ratio. Therefore, optimizing drip irrigation systems for EPN applications may increase their performance.
Effects of different pesticides on virulence and mortality of some entomopathogenic nematodes
(Invertebrate Survival Journal, 2016) Ulu, Tufan Can; Sadıç, Büşra; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011; 55955615200; 56916025400; 11439641200
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used against especially soil borne insect pests. EPNs are feasible and attractive for biological control, because of their virulence against various insect pests, host seeking ability, being usable with standard equipment, and long-term efficacy. In addition EPNs can be applied simultaneously with some pesticides. These properties make EPNs ideal biocontrol agent in integrated pest management. In the present study, effects of 4 widely used pesticides (Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Captan, Fosetyl-al) on virulence and mortality of three EPN strains (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Alman, H. bacteriophora HbH and Steinernema carpocapsae DD-136) were examined at 24 and 48 h periods. All strains were able to infect Galleria mellonella larvae averagely above 90 % rate, after 24 and 48 h treatments with all pesticides. However, some of the pesticides showed negative impact on the viability of the strains. Especially, DD-136 and Fosetylal seemed like incompatible, as the mortality rates were significantly higher than control for both 24 and 48 h. The results of the present study showed that it may be possible to use some EPN strains with some pesticides. It is expected that the results of the study will provide useful information for future integrated pest management programs.
Field application of encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes using a precision planter
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023-04-28) Ulu, Tufan Can; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; 0000-0002-0387-2600; AAP-5834-2020
The use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as a biological control agent in agriculture has shown efficacy against various soil-dwelling pests. Despite its potential, high production costs and inconsistent field efficiency remain significant challenges. Although EPNs can be applied using irrigation systems and spraying equipment, optimized applications are required. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of applying EPNs in gelatin capsules and planting with a precision planter. It was hypothesized that this method would lead to more controlled and uniform EPN application. The effects of EPN encapsulation on dispersal and field persistence in the soil were also investigated. Larval mortality for capsule applications was between 53 and 67% under field conditions, with no statistical difference compared to the drip irrigation applications. Dispersal trials were carried out using custom steel olfactometers, and capsule application did not have any adverse effects on the dispersal of infective juveniles for 24, 48 and 72 h. Persistence trials revealed no significant differences between the capsule and control groups, with a maximum persistence of 50 days. The results suggest that the capsule technique could be a promising option for large-scale EPN applications, and further optimization may lead to improved results.
Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics
(Invertebrate Survival Journal, 2014) Ulu, Tufan Can; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011; 55955615200; 11439641200
Heat tolerances, desiccation tolerances, and effectiveness of 10 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains isolated from different climatic regions in Turkey were analyzed in laboratory conditions. All strains were exposed to heat and desiccation conditions to determine their tolerance levels, and different doses of the strains were applied to the host larva to detect infection capabilities. Correlations between heat and desiccation tolerances as well as effectiveness of all strains were investigated. Moreover, relationships between the tolerances and geographic origins were examined. The results showed that there was no correlation between desiccation tolerance and effectiveness as well as between heat and desiccation tolerances. However, a significant correlation was found between heat tolerance and effectiveness. Furthermore, there was a correlation between heat tolerances and origins, but no correlation existed between desiccation tolerances and origins.
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH hibrit ırkının ın vıtro katı kültürde üretiminin optimizasyonu
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-10-08) Ulu, Tufan Can; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı.
Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN) dünya genelinde yaygın biçimde kullanılan biyolojik mücadele etmenleridir. Nemata şubesinin Rhabditida takımı Heterorhabditidae ve Steinernematidae familyalarına bağlı olan bu organizmalar toprak altında yaşamakta ve yaşam döngülerinin devamı için bir konukçu böceğe ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Biyolojileri gereği konukçu böceği öldüren ve içerisinde üreyen EPN' ler daha sonra toprağa geçerek yeni konukçu arayışında bulunurlar. Konukçu arama özelliği, klasik alet ve ekipmanlar ile uygulanabilmeleri, doğaya ve insana zararsız olmaları ve 250' den fazla böceğe etkili olmaları gibi olumlu özellikleri sayesinde son yıllarda biyolojik mücadele pazarında kendilerine önemli bir yer edinmişlerdir. Ancak birçok biyolojik mücadele etmeninde olduğu gibi EPN' lerin de önemli olumsuz özelliklerinden biri ticari üretimlerinin pahalı olmasıdır. Bu amaçla uzun yıllardır araştırmalar yapılmakta ve hem doğrudan hem dolaylı yollardan üretim, depolama ve taşıma maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalardan birisi de üretim ortamı ve fiziksel bazı ölçütlerin optimize edilmesidir. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Nematoloji Laboratuvarı' nda 2010-2013 yılları arasında yürütülen bir proje kapsamında üstün özelliklere sahip bir hibrit ırk elde edilmiş ve bu ırka patent alınmıştır. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora türüne ait olan HBH hibrit ırkının ülkemize ait olması ve biyo-ekolojik olarak ülkemiz şartlarına adapte olması önemli olarak görülmektedir. Bu amaçla HBH hibrit ırkının in vitro katı kültürde üretiminin optimizasyonu ve bu sayede üretim veriminin artırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda tez çalışmasında üretim ölçütleri olarak içerisinde ek besin maddeleri bulunan (soya lesitini, yumurta sarısı) farklı ortam içerikleri, sıcaklık (24, 28 ve 32 °C) ve üretim ortamının pH değeri (5, 7 ve 9) kullanılmıştır. Farklı ölçüt değerleri kullanılarak yapılan üretim sonuçları incelendiğinde, hermafrodit yumurta sayısı ve toplam infektif jüvenil sayısı bakımından içerisinde soya lesitini bulunan, 28 °C' de ve pH 7 değerinde yapılan üretimin istatistiksel olarak en verimli kombinasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. pH 9 değerinin değerlendirme ölçütleri üzerine istatistiksel olarak olumsuz etkiler gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu tez çalışması ile HBH hibrit ırkı için bazı önemli üretim ölçütlerinin katı kültürde üretim için optimum değerleri belirlenmiştir.
In vitro liquid culture production and post-production pathogenicity of the hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH strain
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023-10-07) Ulu, Tufan Can; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; AAG-7131-2021
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are biological control agents that can be used as alternatives to chemical pesticides against insect pests. Liquid culture is the most suitable method for large-scale production of EPNs. However, to achieve commercial success, the optimization of production parameters is crucial. This study aimed to identify the optimal temperature, pH and dissolved carbon dioxide concentration for the liquid culture production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora hybrid HBH strain. Temperature and pH experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks, while carbon dioxide experiments were conducted using a 5 L bench-top fermenter. The results revealed that the best yield was achieved at a temperature of 26 degrees C, a pH of 9, and a dissolved carbon dioxide concentration of 8-9%. The highest yield was observed between the 14th to 16th days in almost all batches. Although no significant difference was found in the pathogenicity of the populations, certain populations obtained from carbon dioxide trials exhibited greater efficacy at lower doses than in vivo populations. The liquid production of the HBH hybrid strain is a critical step towards commercial production. Further goals include the optimization of additional parameters for large-scale production. The findings of this study are expected to have practical implications for the industrialization of native hybrid EPN strains.
New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
(Entomological Soc Turkey, 2018-01-01) Şahin, Yavuz Selim; Bouhari, Ahcen; Ulu, Tufan Can; Sadıç, Büşra; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; ŞAHİN, YAVUZ SELİM; Bouhari, Ahcen; Ulu, Tufan Can; Sadıç, Büşra; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; ISX-7951-2023; CHJ-5278-2022; B-6308-2011; JGO-3717-2023; AAG-7131-2021
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are being used as biocontrol agents against many soil borne insect pests in agriculture. Above-ground applications against the insects are usually unsuccessful due to the lack of humidity. Therefore, EPNs rapidly lose their effectiveness. In this study, conducted in 2018 under laboratory conditions in Bursa-Turkey, a new application method was developed for the use of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). A new trap system is coated with hydrophilic cotton fabric to provide the necessary humidity to allow the use of EPNs above-ground. Three different application rates of H. bacteriophora (5000, 25000 and 50000 IJs) were applied to the trap system. The fabric was inoculated with the nematodes and combined with a reservoir containing 200 ml of ringer solution. The dead and live nematodes were recorded periodically to determine their persistence on the fabric. The mortality of L. migratoria were also recorded to determine the infectivity of H. bacteriophora. The infectivity and persistence of the nematodes was sustained for more than 4 weeks by this method.
Optimization of in vitro solid culture of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain
(Ege Üniversitesi, 2021-01-01) Ulu, Tufan Can; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0699-1752; AAG-7131-2021
Entomopathogenic nematodes are soil-dwelling biocontrol agents. EPNs need an insect host to complete their life cycle, and they kill their host during its development. The major disadvantage of EPNs is the high cost of commercial products. Thus, there are many studies focused on reducing production costs by optimization of mass production. In a previous project, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain was developed from local isolates. This hybrid strain was patented due to superior bioecological characteristics. This study aimed to optimize in vitro solid mass production of hybrid strain. All laboratory trials were performed between 2017 and 2018, in Nematology Laboratory of Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection. For optimization, additional supplementary ingredients (soy lecithin and egg yolk), temperature (24, 28 and 32 degrees C) and medium pH (5, 7 and 9) were selected as production parameters. Optimization was evaluated based on hermaphrodite egg numbers, total infective juveniles (IJs), IJ body length and IJ virulence. Based on results, best production combination was found as agar containing soy lecithin, 28 degrees C and pH 7. Also, agar media with pH 9 markedly reduced production yield. Consequently, optimum values for some important in vitro solid production parameters of HBH hybrid strain were determined.
Quality control of in vitro produced Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains isolated from Turkey
(Türkiye Entomoloji Derneği, 2013-07-03) Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Kongu, Yasemin; Ulu, Tufan Can; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011; FDH-5971-2022; 22036687000; 55901837300; 55955615200
H.b. 6 (Antalya), H.b. 17 (Kirklareli), H.b. 10 (Adana), H.b. HIZ (Izmir), H.b. HSU (Sanliurfa) and H.b. 876 (canakkale) strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), were produced with in vivo and in vitro mass production techniques. Effectiveness and reproduction capacities of the nematodes obtained from in vivo and in vitro cultures were compared in order to determinethe quality of in vitro productionThe difference in infectivity of the strains produced with in vivo and in vitro techniques was not statistically significant, except H.b. 6, which was lower in in vitro. Some in vitro produced strains had significantly higher reproduction capacity than in vivo strains but some strains were not significantly different as in vivo produced strains. It was generally detected that the in vitro cultured Turkish strains maintained their prerequisites on effectiveness and reproduction capacities as their quality control standards.
Tolerances of hybridized entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains to heat and desiccation
(Türkiye Entomoloji Derneği, 2013-03-24) Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Ulu, Tufan Can; Kongu, Yasemin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011; FDH-5971-2022; 11439641200; 55955615200; 55901837300
Heat and desiccation are two major problems of entonnopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for outdoor applications. The factors decrease their survival and effectivity in the field. Thus, the success ratio drops dramatically especially in hot and drought prone regions. Hybridization of EPNs is a way to overcome these major stress problems. In the present study, heat and desiccation tolerances of ten hybrid strains, which were hybridized from six domestic strains isolated from different climatic regions in Turkey, were determined. The heat tolerance experiments were performed at 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 degrees C and desiccation tolerance experiments were performed at Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 %. The results of the tolerance experiments are shown as mean temperature tolerated by 50% of the population (MT₅₀) and mean temperature tolerated by 10% (MT₁₀) of the strains for heat testing, and as Lethal Concentration (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) for the desiccation test. For the heat tolerance experiments, the results showed that hybrid strains had slightly higher heat tolerance levels than their parents. In the desiccation experiments, it was determined that most of the hybrid strains had greater tolerances than their parents. The outcome of the study was promising for conducting further research and trials.
Türkiye' de tespit edilen entomopatojen nematod, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının yüksek sıcaklığa ve su kaybına olan toleranslılıkları ve etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Ulu, Tufan Can; Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı.
Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN), özellikle Avrupa ve A.B.D' de tarımsal zararlılara karşı biyolojik mücadele kapsamında on yılı aşkın bir süredir etkin biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Etki ettiği zararlı aralığının geniş olması, toprak içerisinde konukçusunu arama yeteneği ve uygulama sırasındaki avantajlarının yanında çevreye ve hedef alınmayan canlılara zararının olmaması sebebiyle Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve A.B.D tarafından kullanımı tavsiye edilmektedir. EPN' lerin açık alan uygulamalarındaki başarısını olumsuz etkileyen en önemli faktörler; yüksek sıcaklık ve su kaybına olan hassasiyetleridir. Bu iki stres faktörüne olan hassasiyet, arazideki etkinliğin ve kalıcılığın yanında ambalaj ömrünün de kısalmasına neden olmaktadır. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar ile bu iki faktörü kontrol eden genlerin döllere yüksek aktarım oranına sahip olduğu bulunmuş ve hibridizasyon yolu ile bu olumsuzlukların önüne geçilebileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile ileride yapılması planlanan hibridizasyon çalışmaları için gereken temel verilerin elde edilmesi amaçlanmış, bu kapsamda Türkiye' nin farklı coğrafik bölgelerinden izole edilen EPN türü Heterorhabditis bacteriophora' nın on ırkı yüksek sıcaklık, su kaybı ve etkinlik denemelerine tabi tutulmuştur. Denemeler sonucunda yüksek sıcaklığa en dayanıklı ırk Antalya'dan izole edilen HB6 ırkı olurken, en hassas ırk ise Erzurum' dan izole edilen HB11 ırkı olmuştur. Su kaybı denemelerinin sonucunda ise su kaybına en dayanıklı ırk yine HB6 ırkı olurken, su kaybına en hassas ırk Samsun' dan izole edilen H-101 ırkı olmuştur. Etkinlik denemeleri Tenebrio molitor larvaları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve en etkin ırk Samsun' dan izole edilen H-101 ırkı olmuştur. Yapılan tüm denemelere ek olarak ırkların izole edildiği bölgelerin iklim şartları ile tolerans seviyeleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş, özellikle yüksek sıcaklığa dayanım ile izole edilen bölgenin iklim şartları arasında ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm ırkların etkinlikleri ile tolerans seviyeleri karşılaştırılmış ve aralarında bir ilişki olup olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted heterorhabditis bacteriophora, steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae
(Walter, 2015-06-01) Susurluk, İsmail Alper; Ulu, Tufan Can; SUSURLUK, İSMAİL ALPER; Ulu, Tufan Can; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bitki Koruma Bölümü; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 degrees C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.
Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode species for plum sawfly, Hoplocampa flava L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
(Invertebrate Survival Journal, 2015-01-01) Aksit, T.; Ulu, Tufan Can; Sadıç, B.; Susurluk, İ. Alper; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi.; 0000-0003-3640-1474; AAG-7131-2021; B-6308-2011
The yellow sawfly Hoplocampa flava is an important pest of plum all around the world. Larvae feed on the seed with damaged fruit falling prematurely. There are many studies on the control of other pests with entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), but few on the control of plum sawfly. The present study was conducted to determine virulence of four EPN species: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. marelatus, Steinernema carpocapsae Tur-S4 and S. feltiae Tur-S3 against plum sawfly Hoplocampa flava L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) under laboratory conditions. For each nematode species, six different doses (3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 Infective Juveniles (IJs) /larva) were applied against last instar larvae of H. flava. Assays were done in 24 well tissue culture plates filled with 10 % (w/v) moist silver sand. The most virulent species was H. bacteriophora which had LD50 and LD90 values of 6.51 and 15.46 IJs, respectively. The least virulent was S. carpocapsae Tur-S4 with LD50 and LD90 values of 16.617 and 33.779 IJs, respectively.