2023 Cilt 37 Sayı 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/38723

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Investigation of disease-yield relationship of yellow rust in some bread and durum wheat varieties by phenological periods using hyperspectral data
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-10-02) Aydoğdu, Metin; Akan, Kadir
The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of yellow rust in different phenological periods by subjecting bread (Bayraktar 2000, Demir 2000, Eser and Kenanbey) and durum (Çeşit-1252, Eminbey, Kızıltan 91 and Mirzabey 2000) wheat varieties to different spore doses (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) under controlled epidemic conditions. The research was conducted in Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey during the 2018-2019 growing season. In the study, the morphological changes in yellow rust severity were determined at different phenological developmental stages of the test materials with the reflectance values obtained by using handheld spectroradiometer in different spore dose applications during the period from tillering to stalk emergence. These reflectance values were converted into vegetation index values expressed by mathematical formulae and used in determining yield estimates. Considering the results obtained, it was determined that the spectral indices calculated especially in the early flowering period (25 May 2019, Feekes 10.5.1) were effective in yield estimation for all bread varieties except Kenanbey variety (15 June 2019, Feekes 10.5.4). It was determined that the spectral band region of 25 May 2019 (Feekes 10.5.1), which includes all indices determined to predict yield in all bread and durum varieties and which is the beginning of flowering, was effective. In grain yield estimation, it was determined that there was a decrease in the correlation values of the spectral indices starting from the early flowering period (Feekes 10.5.1) towards the grain setting period (Feekes 10.5.3) and milk maturity period (Feekes 10.5.4). When the correlations between these index values and yield values were examined, it was determined that prominent phenological periods and high correlation indices could be calculated for these periods. Nowadays, with the use of optical sensor technology instead of traditional disease surveillance methods, the way has paved the way for the development of new approaches for early, fast and accurate yield estimation as a result of the verification of images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles on which multispectral and hyperspectral cameras are located with ground data using artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques.
Machine learning-based detection and severity assessment of sunflower powdery mildew: A precision agriculture approach
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-09-18) Erdinç, Atilla; BÜTÜNER, ALPEREN KAAN; ŞAHİN, YAVUZ SELİM; ERDOĞAN, HİLAL
Sunflower powdery mildew (Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta) is a substantial threat to sunflower crops, causing significant yield loss. Traditional identification methods, based on human observation, fall short in providing early disease detection and quick control. This study presents a novel approach to this problem, utilizing machine learning for the early detection of powdery mildew in sunflowers. The disease severity levels were determined by training a Decision Trees model using matrix of soil, powdery mildew, stems, and leaf images obtained from original field images. It was detected disease severity levels of 18.14% and 5.56% in test images labeled as A and C, respectively. The model's demonstrated accuracy of 85% suggests high proficiency, indicating that machine learning, specifically the DTs model, holds promising prospects for revolutionizing disease control and diseases prevention in agriculture.
Managerial practices related to the survival of calves in dairy cattle breeding farms in Hendek district-I
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-06-14) Karaca, Merve; Koyuncu, Mehmet; KOYUNCU, MEHMET; Ziraat Fakültesi; Zootekni Bölümü; 0000-0003-0379-7492
This research was conducted out to determine the knowledge, ideas and behaviors related to the managerial practices of calf’s survival in dairy cattle farms in Hendek district of Sakarya province, and to analyze the status of the existing farms. In the research, were identified farms which are registered to Turkvet and e-breeding system database having ten or more dairy cattle in Hendek district. Random sampling method was used to determine the sample size. The identified farms are divided into five class which are 10-20 heads, 21-30 heads, 31-40 heads, 41-50 heads and over 50 heads of cattle. In this context, after obtaining general data about the farms, questions related to the main topics about the care and management of calves such as colostrum use, feeding practices, health protection and housing were evaluated. In feeding management, farms with a capacity of 40 heads and less prefer grazing and supplementary feeding, while farms with a capacity of 40 heads and above prefer to feed in barns (P<0.05). While 74% of all farms have an annual average milk yield of less than 5000 liters, 26% yield more than 5000 liters (P<0.05). 15.6% of the farms produce less than five calves, 33.8% 6-10 calves, 28% 11-20 calves, and 22.5% have 20 or more calves (P<0.05). In 70.5% of the farms, calf losses occur within the first 30 days, followed by a decrease in deaths in the following weeks. While the answer to the question of separating the calves from their mothers after birth comes to the forefront in small-scale farms, the approach to separate them immediately or within the first 12 hours becomes prominent as the farm capacity increases (P<0.05). It was determined that approximately 77% of the farms did not have such an approach to determine the quality of the colostrum given to the calves, and it was determined that quality assessments were made as the farm capacity increased (P<0.05).
Managerial practices related to the survival of calves in dairy cattle breeding farms in Hendek district-II
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-06-14) Karaca, Merve; Koyuncu, Mehmet; KOYUNCU, MEHMET; Ziraat Fakültesi; Zootekni Bölümü; 0000-0003-0379-7492
This research was conducted out to determine the knowledge, ideas and behaviors related to the managerial practices of calf survival in dairy cattle farms in Hendek district of Sakarya province, and to analyze the status of the existing farms. In the research, were identified farms which are registered to Turkvet and e-breeding system database having 10 or more dairy cattle in Hendek district. Random sampling method was used to determine the sample size. The identified farms are divided into 5 groups which are 10-20 heads, 21-30 heads, 31-40 heads, 41-50 heads and over 50 heads of cattle. In this context, after obtaining general data about the farms, questions related to the main topics about the care and management of calves such as colostrum use, feeding practices, health protection and housing were evaluated. Milk-fed to calves, marketed milk, marketed milk + waste milk, and marketed milk + milk replacer are given in three ways. Within the scope of the size of the farms, the difference between the source of the milk consumed during the milk feeding period was found to be significant (P<0.05). Until the first 30 days of age, in farms with a capacity of over 30 heads, approximately 8 liters of milk are given (P<0.05), while in small farms, sucking milk from the mother or giving less milk is preferred. Farms are sensitive about reaching the concentrate and rough feed of the calves, and they generally apply it from the first week. The concentrated feed used in calf feeding is approximately 70% in pellet form. The weaning age of the calves is 90 days in farms with 40 heads and below and after 90 and 120 days in farms over 40 heads (P<0.05). Age criterion taken into consideration at weaning was found to be more important than body weight and feed consumption (P<0.05). While the calves are housed mainly in groups (60%) in small-scale farms, individual pens (70%) stand out among the preferences due to the increase in capacity. Small-scale farms prefer metal, wood, and brick, and large-scale farms mainly plastic and metal materials for calf shelters (P<0.05). Eight weeks or more is preferred for keeping calves in individual pens (P<0.05).

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