Person: TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA
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TOPRAK ÇAVDUR
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Publication A novel and integrated approach to dyeing recycled cotton and chitosan yarns blended fabrics with innovative nanobubble technology(Korean Fiber Soc, 2023-09-11) Toprak Çavdur, Tuba; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017In order to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the increasing consumption to meet the textile needs of the world growing population, sustainable production in textiles has to be taken very seriously. Recycling and innovative technologies are some of the key factors for sustainable textile production. Cotton and chitosan are widely used biomaterials in textiles. Additionally, using nanobubbles is an innovative water technology that has an increasing usage potential in different areas recently. Herein, the dyeing behavior and environmental effects of recycled cotton and chitosan yarns blends in different proportions were investigated in the presence of nanobubble technology. Increasing amount of chitosan in the blend increased the band intensities in FTIR. When the chitosan ratio in the mixture was increased to 25% (in 1% o.w.f. dyeing), the color strength increased by 70%. In other words, the use of chitosan in the mixture could have provided similar color strengths with less dye consumption. Moreover, the negative effect of nanobubbles on color strength could have been compensated by the use of chitosan. The transmittance of dyeing baths containing nanobubbles was lower than those without nanobubbles because of its removing effect of unfixed/hydrolyzed dye molecules from fibers. The chemical oxygen demand of dyeing baths also improved by about 15% with nanobubbles. The summary of the study was that environment-friendly processes could be designed by dyeing blended yarns consisting of superior biopolymer chitosan and recycled cotton obtained by reusing the natural resource with nanobubbles.Publication The effects of the combined process of enzymatic bleach clean-up, enzymatic defibrillation and dyeing on the comfort and physical properties of tencel/cotton knitted fabrics(Sage Publications Ltd, 2019-11-11) Sardağ, Sibel; ŞARDAĞ, SİBEL; Toprak, Tuba; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Anis, Pervin; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Ziraat Fakültesi; Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-9177-0059; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017; AAY-8629-2021This study aimed to investigate the comfort and physical properties of raw and finished knitted fabrics made of yarns with different Tencel/cotton blend ratios. For this purpose, Ne 20 yarns were produced with the same twist coefficient on the same production line. Fabric samples were produced on the same knitting machine. The raw fabrics were subjected to two different combined enzymatic pre-treatments and dyeing processes. In the first process, enzymatic defibrillation and dyeing were carried out in the same bath. In the second, enzymatic bleach clean-up, defibrillation and dyeing were conducted in the same bath. The comfort and physical properties of all the raw and finished fabric samples were measured according to the relevant standards. The results were assessed statistically. The results of this study showed that with increased percentage of Tencel in the blend, the water vapor and air permeability, fabric roughness, pilling, thermal absorption and loss of mass values of the fabrics increased, whereas thermal conductivity values decreased. It was observed that the fabrics which were subjected to enzymatic defibrillation and dyeing processes in a single bath gave lower surface roughness and abrasion values but higher air permeability values; while those subjected to enzymatic bleach clean-up, defibrillation and dyeing in a single bath gave higher thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity values. Comparison of the two processes showed that there were no significant differences in the pilling and the water vapor permeability values obtained from both processes.Publication Oxygen-enriched nanobubbles for a green reactive washing process(Sage Publications Inc, 2022-05-01) Aniş, Pervin; Toprak-Çavdur, Tuba; Çalışkan, Naime; ANİŞ, PERVİN; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Çalışkan, Naime; Orhaneli Meslek Yüksekokulu; Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021; CIQ-9274-2022In this study, we used the new nanobubbles technology to create a green reactive washing process for the textile industry, as one of the most polluting sectors where environmentally friendly process designs are indispensable to protect the environment. With this technology, the possibility of eliminating the soaping-off step from the reactive washing sequence was investigated. For the design of an environmentally friendly reactive washing process, the effects of increasing the process temperature of the soaping-off step as well as the use of oxygen-enriched NBs in all washing steps after reactive dyeing with three different dyes were investigated. The results were evaluated by comparing the color coordinates, strength, and fastness of dyed cotton towels washed according to the conventional and alternative processes as well as examining the absorbance and chemical oxygen demand values of the washing baths. Alternative washings did not cause significant differences in color coordinates, while the lowest color strength and highest fastness values were obtained after washing with nanobubbles. The absorbance graphs showed that the most colorful baths belonged to the first bath of the nanobubble washing regime. Chemical oxygen demand measurements revealed that the alternative washing systems were more environmentally friendly than the conventional ones. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that it was possible to implement more eco-friendly washing methods by eliminating the use of soap.[GRAPHICS].Publication Dyeing behavior and characterization of recycled cotton and chitosan blended fabrics(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022-07-11) Uysal, Serkan; Toprak-Çavdur, Tuba; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Anis, Pervin; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Orhaneli Meslek Yüksekokulu; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017; 0000-0001-8475-3197The cultivation and wet processing of cotton is very harmful to the environment. Recycling of cotton is an important way to reduce its environmental impact. For this purpose, recycled cotton by using it in a mixture with chitosan yarns and the dyeing behavior of fabrics produced from this blend were examined within the scope of sustainable production. Among the reactive, direct and acid dyeings, the highest color depths were obtained from dyeing with direct dye in alkaline medium and in the presence of salt. It was observed that the dyeing temperature was important for leveling dyeing. The fastness results of reactive dyeing were higher than the others. The FTIR analysis interpreted as that polyester might have been mixed during processing into recycled cotton and the presence of chitosan in the blend could be indicated by decreasing band intensities compared to cotton. The SEM images supported the presence of chitosan in the blended fabric. According to the TGA results, the change in temperature at which the maximum weight loss was observed in the blended fabric approached to that of chitosan. The results showed that chitosan and cotton obtained from recycling could be used as a mixture instead of cotton.Publication Investigation of the effects of environmentally friendly degumming methods on silk dyeing performance(Sage Publications, 2019-04-01) Aniş, Pervin; Toprak, Tuba; Yener, Eyüphan; Çapar, Göksen; ANİŞ, PERVİN; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Yener, Eyüphan; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017; GJY-8115-2022In this paper, firstly the effects of environmentally friendly degumming methods on the morphology and structure of fibers have been investigated. Then the dyeing behaviors of environmentally friendly degummed silk fibers were analyzed. In the dyeing process, acid and reactive dyes were used at various dye concentrations. To analyze dyeing characteristics of these fibers, investigations of washing fastness and measurements of color parameters were carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of degummed silk fibers showed that the high temperature (HT) degumming method was more successful than the other methods, but the results were comparable. Weight loss values were also supported by SEM images. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of degummed fibers showed that particles remaining on the surface were the most likely to indicate sericin residue. Fourier transform infrared spectra of raw and degummed fibers with different methods demonstrated typical absorption bands appointed to the peptide bonds (-CONH-) and no major differences were observed. When band intensity was examined, the most intense bands belong to the HT degumming process. The differential scanning calorimetry curves of conventionally and alternatively degummed silk fibers showed two endotherms at around 100celcius and 320celcius because of water loss and beta-sheet fibroin decomposition, respectively. The acid and reactive dyeing of the degummed fibers by environmentally degumming methods gave similar color strength and washing fastness values compared with conventionally degummed fibers.Publication The effect of enzymatic modification on the dyeability of polyester fabric with reactive dye(Amer Assoc Textile Chemists Colorists-aatcc, 2020-11-01) Toprak, Tuba; Anis, Pervin; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021The inert chemical structure of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) prevents its dyeability with reactive dyes. In this study, the reactive dyeability of polyester fabrics after enzymatic surface modification with different lipases and cutinase was investigated. The reason for the hydrophilicity of the fiber after enzymatic treatment was thought to be functional groups produced after this process, but their peak intensities in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were low and shaded by other functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the enzymatic treatment did not cause any surface damage. A slight staining (K/S = 0.30) of the PET fabrics with the reactive dye occurred after enzymatic treatments. Moreover, the fastness to washing and rubbing of the reactive dye stained fabrics were good to excellent.Publication Sericin assisted eco-friendly reactive dyeing for cotton fabric(Springer, 2019-07-01) Aniş, Pervin; Toprak, Tuba; Kutlu, Egemen; ANİŞ, PERVİN; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Kutlu, Egemen; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-8475-3197; KSM-4304-2024; B-5740-2017; AAH-3948-2021A large amount of salt has been used in reactive dyeing of cotton. In this study, the reduction in the amount of salt used in reactive dyeing of cotton fabric after the sericin application by different methods was investigated in detailed. The effects of different cross-links (citric acid and butane tetracarboxylic acid) for the bonding of the sericin to the cotton fabric were also investigated. The results were evaluated in terms of color coordinates and color strength, washing and rubbing fastness, and crease recovery angle. Presence of the sericin onto cotton fabric after the application was evidenced with FT-IR spectra. The application of sericin and subsequent dyeing resulted in similar color depths to the conventional dyeing even with half the salt used in conventional reactive dyeing. The presence of cross-links in the pre-treatment baths did not reveal significant differences in color strengths compared to used only sericin. The fastness values of reactive dyed fabrics after sericin application had similar fastness values with traditional dyed ones. Crease recovery angles showed an increase after sericin pre-treatment. Sericin application before reactive dyeing could be one of the best alternative ways to reduce salt usage in reactive dyeing.[GRAPHICS].Publication Dyeing recycled cotton fibers using curcuma longa and pterocarpus santalinus natural dyes and bio-mordant chitosan(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022-08-07) Uysal, Serkan; Gisbert-Paya, Jaime; Toprak-Çavdur, Tuba; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Orhaneli Meslek Yüksekokulu; 0000-0001-8475-3197; B-5740-2017Problems such as the depletion of natural resources and the increase in environmental pollution brought about by industrialization, the concept of recycling gained great importance. Natural dyes have gained importance again with the increase in environmental awareness. For this purpose, the dyeability of recycled cotton yarns with natural dyes was examined in order to both protect natural resources and reduce the waste water load in dyeing. The paper also discussed a comparison between different ways to mordant cotton with different molecular weight chitosan. Although it was seen by FTIR analysis that cotton fibers were dyed, the presence of chitosan could not be clearly seen. It was explained by the use of low amounts of chitosan. It was observed that the mordanting processes performed with chitosan contributed to the increase in the color strengths, and higher color depths were obtained with the increasing chitosan concentration. Simultaneous mordanting in Curcuma longa dyeing, mordanting before Sandalwood dyeing provided higher color depths than others. The washing fastness of the samples dyed with Curcuma longa revealed the necessity of fastness improvement processes. It was concluded that chitosan mordanting process was effective in terms of sustainable natural dyeing, but it was necessary to improve fastness.Publication The effect of enzymatic modification on the dyeability of polyester fabric with reactive dye(Amer, 2020-11-01) Toprak, Tuba; Anis, Pervin; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; ANİŞ, PERVİN; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi; 0000-0001-8475-3197; AAH-3948-2021; B-5740-2017The inert chemical structure of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) prevents its dyeability with reactive dyes. In this study, the reactive dyeability of polyester fabrics after enzymatic surface modification with different lipases and cutinase was investigated. The reason for the hydrophilicity of the fiber after enzymatic treatment was thought to be functional groups produced after this process, but their peak intensities in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were low and shaded by other functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the enzymatic treatment did not cause any surface damage. A slight staining (K/S = 0.30) of the PET fabrics with the reactive dye occurred after enzymatic treatments. Moreover, the fastness to washing and rubbing of the reactive dye stained fabrics were good to excellent.Publication Poliester kumaşın ekolojik boyama işlemi optimizasyonu için yanıt yüzey metodolojisi yaklaşımı(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-03-27) Çavdur, Tuba Toprak; Çelik, Tolga; Çavdur, Fatih; TOPRAK ÇAVDUR, TUBA; Çelik, Tolga; ÇAVDUR, FATİHPoliester liflerinin hidrofobik yapısı, yüksek kristalinitesi, lifleri oluşturan makromoleküller arasındaki yüksek çekim kuvveti gibi özellikleri boyanmasında önemli kısıtlar oluşturur. Ayrıca, poliesterin boyanmasında kullanılan yöntem ve kimyasallar çevre için zararlıdır. Bu çalışmada, bu sınırlamaları ortadan kaldırmak ve daha çevre dostu boyama prosesi geliştirmek amacıyla, poliesterin doğal boya ile boyanabilirliği ve yanıt yüzey metodoloji ile işlem parametrelerinin optimizasyonu araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle pH, sıcaklık ve süreden oluşan üç faktör için Box-Behnken deneysel tasarımından baz alınan üç seviye belirlenerek bunlara yönelik deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen deney sonuçlarına bağlı olarak L*, a*, b*, C* gibi farklı çıktıları tahmin etmek için kullanılabilecek bir meta model oluşturmak amacıyla yapılan incelemelerde, literatürde de genel olarak kullanılmakta olan ikinci dereceden bir modelin ilgili sonuçlarını tahmin etmede başarılı olduğu (𝑅2 ≥ 0,9) ve bazı tasarımlarda ilgili 𝑅2 değerlerinin 0,99 seviyelerine yaklaşmakta olduğu gözlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde bazı çıktılar için 0,1720 ortalama mutlak hatayla deney sonuçlarını tahmin edebildiği görülmektedir. Buna ek olarak, oluşturulan model denklemlerinden teorik optimal boyama koşulları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar poliesterin boyanmasında pH-sıcaklık ve pH-süre ikililerinin, sıcaklık ve süreye göre çok daha etkili olduğunu ve ayrıca alınan yüksek yıkama haslıkları bu boyama prosesinin açık-orta tonlarda sürdürülebilir boyamalar için kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın maliyet ve zaman tasarrufu sağlama potansiyeli de vardır.