Akut böbrek yetmezliği bulunan yenidoğanların değerlendirilmesi
Date
2002
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışmamızda Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi'ne yatan bebeklerde akut böbrek yetmezliğinin (ABY) insidansı ve tiplerinin oranları, eşlik eden risk faktörleri ve tanısına yardım eden bulguların belirlenmesi amaçlandı. ABY tanısı, idrar çıkış hızına bakılmaksızın serum kreatinin düzeyinin 1.5 mg/dl'nin üzerinde olması, 5-7 gün içinde maternal seviyenin altına düşmemesi ya da günde 0.3 mg/dl'lik artış göstermesi ile konuldu. Oligüri ise idrar çıkış miktarının 1ml/kg/saatin altında olması olarak belirlendi. Sıvı yükleme ve furasemid ile cevap (diürezde artış, kreatinin düzeyinde düşüş) alınan hastalar prerenal, alınamayan hastalar renal ABY olarak kabul edildi. Nisan 1997 ile Şubat 2001 tarihleri arasında ünitemizde yatan 912 bebekten, 52'sine (%5.7) ABY tanısı konuldu. Hastaların 36'sında (%67) renal, 15'inde (%31) prerenal ve birinde (%2) postrenal ABY saptandı. ABY etyolojisinde perinatal asfiksi %25, sepsis %21.1, dehidratasyon %21.1 respiratuar distres %13.5, konjenital kalp hastalığı %13.5, primer renal parankimal hastalığı %3.8 ve obstrüktif üropati %2 bulundu. Fraksiyone sodyum atılımı (FENa) oranları ve beta₂-mikroglobulin düzeyleri, renal ABY olan matür bebeklerde olduğu gibi prematürlerde de prerenal ABY bulunanlara göre belirgin olarak yüksek saptandı. Oligürik renal ABY olan bebeklerde mortalite oranları daha yüksek saptandı. Sonuç olarak ünitemizde yenidoğan ABY'nin en önemli etyolojik faktörlerinin perinatal asfiksi, dehidratasyon ve sepsis olduğu tespit edildi. ABY'nin tip ayırımında, FENa'nın da, prematüre bebekler dahil olmak üzere güvenilir bir parametre olduğu, beta₂-mikroglobulin ölçümünün de bu açıdan faydalı olabileceği görüldü. Diğer çalışmalarda da bildirildiği gibi renal ABY'nin mortalitesinin yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Bu nedenle kritik bebeklerin yakın takibe alınarak böbrek yetmezliği daha gelişmeden, önlem alınmasının önemi bir kez daha vurgulandı.
The aim of our trial was to determine the incidence, the proportion of types, associated risk factors and the diagnostic tools of acute renal failure (ARF) in newborns admitted to the Uludağ University Medical Faculty Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. ARF diagnosis was made when serum creatinine level was above 1.5 mg/dl. ARF was also suspected in the newborn if serum creatinin fails to decline below maternal levels by at least the first 5th to 7th of life or rising by 0.3 mg/dL per day, regardless of urine output. Oliguria was determined as the rate of urine output lower than 1 mL/kg/h. The patients who responded to fluid challenge and furosemide (ie; a rise in urine output and/or a decrease inserum creatinine concentration) were accepted as prerenal ARF, and thosewho did not respond were diagnosed as renal ARF.Out of 912 newborns admitted to our unit between April 1997 and February 2001, 52 (5.7%) had ARF. The type of ARF was renal in 36 (67%), prerenal in 15 (31 % ) and postrenal in one (2%) patient. The etiological causes were perinatal asphyxia in 25%, sepsis in 21.1 %, dehydration in 21.1%, respiratory distress syndrome in 13.5%, congenital heart disease in 13.5%, primary renal paranchymal disease in 3.8% and obstructive uropathy in 2%. Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and beta₂-microglobulin levels were significantly higher in mature as well as premature newborns with renal ARF than those with prerenal ARF. Newborns with oliguria and those with renal ARF had higher mortality rates. In conclusion, the most common causes of ARF in our unit were perinatal asphyxia, sepsis and dehydration. To differentiate the type of ARF, we found that FENa is a reliable tool even in preterm infants and measurement of beta₂-microglobulin may also be useful for the same purpose. The mortality of renal ARF is high. The refore, taking close care of the neonate with high risk before the occurrence of ARF and immediate management are important for better outcome.
The aim of our trial was to determine the incidence, the proportion of types, associated risk factors and the diagnostic tools of acute renal failure (ARF) in newborns admitted to the Uludağ University Medical Faculty Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. ARF diagnosis was made when serum creatinine level was above 1.5 mg/dl. ARF was also suspected in the newborn if serum creatinin fails to decline below maternal levels by at least the first 5th to 7th of life or rising by 0.3 mg/dL per day, regardless of urine output. Oliguria was determined as the rate of urine output lower than 1 mL/kg/h. The patients who responded to fluid challenge and furosemide (ie; a rise in urine output and/or a decrease inserum creatinine concentration) were accepted as prerenal ARF, and thosewho did not respond were diagnosed as renal ARF.Out of 912 newborns admitted to our unit between April 1997 and February 2001, 52 (5.7%) had ARF. The type of ARF was renal in 36 (67%), prerenal in 15 (31 % ) and postrenal in one (2%) patient. The etiological causes were perinatal asphyxia in 25%, sepsis in 21.1 %, dehydration in 21.1%, respiratory distress syndrome in 13.5%, congenital heart disease in 13.5%, primary renal paranchymal disease in 3.8% and obstructive uropathy in 2%. Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and beta₂-microglobulin levels were significantly higher in mature as well as premature newborns with renal ARF than those with prerenal ARF. Newborns with oliguria and those with renal ARF had higher mortality rates. In conclusion, the most common causes of ARF in our unit were perinatal asphyxia, sepsis and dehydration. To differentiate the type of ARF, we found that FENa is a reliable tool even in preterm infants and measurement of beta₂-microglobulin may also be useful for the same purpose. The mortality of renal ARF is high. The refore, taking close care of the neonate with high risk before the occurrence of ARF and immediate management are important for better outcome.
Description
Keywords
Yenidoğan, Akut böbrek yetmezliği, FENa, Beta₂-mikroglobulin, Newborn, Acute renal failure, Beta₂-microglobulin
Citation
Bayram, Y. (2002). Akut böbrek yetmezliği bulunan yenidoğanların değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.