Avrupa'da ışıklar yüzyılı ve siyasetin özerkleşmesi
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Date
2005
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Yalnızca düşünsel söylemler üzerinden okunduğunda, Işıklar Yüzyılı' nın Ortaçağın reddi ve Antik Çağ'ın apolojisi üzerine kurulduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Avrupa'nın toplumsal ve ekonomik zeminlerindeki gelişmeler açısından yapılacak bir okuma ise önümüze Aydınlanma'nın başlangıç noktasının feodalite olduğu yönünde farklı bir gerçeklik koymaktadır. Çünkü Aydınlanma, özünde feodal üretim tarzından kurtuluş ülküsünü içeren uzun soluklu bir savaşımın ürünüdür ki bu feodalite karşıtı muhalif toplumsal gurupları yaratan da yine feodalitenin kendisidir. Simgesel olarak "kentlilik ve burjuvazi" kavramlarıyla özdeşleşen bu muhalefet, feodal üretim biçimini tasfiye edebilmek amacıyla piyasaları özgürleştirmekle kalmamış , bu amacını gerçekleştirebilmek için insanın özgürleşmesine de yönelmiştir. Rönesans döneminde aklın ve bedenin özgürleştirilmesiyle başlayan hu süreç, Aydınlanma Çağı da denilen Işıklar Yüzyılı' nda toplum ve siyasetin özerkleşmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Aydınlanma ile kazanılmış olan ilke ve değer, 19. ve 20. yüzyılın demokratikleşme süreçleri içinde burjuvazi lehine yozlaştırılacak ve ortaya çıkan sonuçlar hem Avrupa' nın kendisi açısından hem de küresel düzeyde olumsuz etkiler yaratacaktır.
When only discourses based on thoughts were read it has been induced that Enlightment Era was build on the denial of Middle Ages and the apologia of Antique Era. At the other side if a reading was realized focused on the social and economic bases, another reality was clarified as the starting point of Enlightment Era is feudality. The Enlightment Era is the product of a long challenge that in fact contains the ideal of releasing from feudal producıion style, although it is the feudality itself creates the anti-feudalist and contrary social groups. This opposing movement that is identified symbolically with citizenship and bourgeoisie concepts liberated the market for the purpose of eliminating the feudal production style and also oriented to the liberation of people for reaching this aim. This process which was started by the liberation of mind and body was resulted with the autonomy of society and politics in Enlightment Era. However the values and principles handled in the Enlightment Era has been degenerated in favour of bourgeoisie during the democratization process in 19th. and 20th. centuries and the results caused to negative outcomes both for European and global level.
When only discourses based on thoughts were read it has been induced that Enlightment Era was build on the denial of Middle Ages and the apologia of Antique Era. At the other side if a reading was realized focused on the social and economic bases, another reality was clarified as the starting point of Enlightment Era is feudality. The Enlightment Era is the product of a long challenge that in fact contains the ideal of releasing from feudal producıion style, although it is the feudality itself creates the anti-feudalist and contrary social groups. This opposing movement that is identified symbolically with citizenship and bourgeoisie concepts liberated the market for the purpose of eliminating the feudal production style and also oriented to the liberation of people for reaching this aim. This process which was started by the liberation of mind and body was resulted with the autonomy of society and politics in Enlightment Era. However the values and principles handled in the Enlightment Era has been degenerated in favour of bourgeoisie during the democratization process in 19th. and 20th. centuries and the results caused to negative outcomes both for European and global level.
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Keywords
Aydınlanma çagı, Kentleşme, Anayasacılık, Çoğulculuk, Laiklik, İnsan hakları, Enlightment era, Urbanization, Constitutionalism, Pluralism, Laicism, Human rights
Citation
Şenşekerci, E. (2005). "Avrupa'da ışıklar yüzyılı ve siyasetin özerkleşmesi". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 4, 9-26.