Ohmik ısıtma destekli ekstraksiyon yönteminin arı poleninin biyoaktif bileşenleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması
Date
2024-11-19
Authors
Çelik, Muhammed Alpgiray
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan 15 adet arı poleni ile yapılan bu çalışmada, geleneksel ve yenilikçi ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak biyoaktif bileşenler yönünden bölgesel farklılıkların belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla örneklerin toplam fenolik (TP), toplam flavonoid (TF) ve antioksidan kapasite (AK) içerikleri ile sıvı kromatografisi tandem kütle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) kullanılarak fenolik ve flavonoid madde profilleri araştırılmıştır. Arı polenlerinden biyoaktif bileşenlerin yenilikçi yöntemlerden ohmik ısıtma ile ekstraksiyonu aşamasında yüzey yanıt yöntemi (RSM) kullanılarak Box-Behnken deneme desenine göre optimum ekstraksiyon parametreleri belirlenmiştir. En yüksek TP ve TF içerikleri ile AK’ye sahip olan ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık (p<0,05) oluşturduğu belirlenen Muğla ili Seydikemer ilçesi Sahilceylan bölgesinden temin edilen arı poleninde en yüksek TP içeriğine göre (270,27 mg GAE/100 g KM) belirlenen ohmik ekstraksiyon koşulları; numune/solvent oranı 1/23,9681 g/mL, sıcaklık 55,5789 °C ve voltaj gradyanı 39,7913 V/cm olarak saptanmıştır. Arı polenlerinden biyoaktif bileşenler ayrıca diğer yenilikçi ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinden ultrasonik (US) ve mikrodalga (MD) yöntemleri ile ve bunların ohmik ısıtma ile birlikte kombinasyonları (ohmik destekli ultrasonik [OH-US] ve ohmik destekli mikrodalga [OH-MD]) kullanılarak da ekstrakte edilmiş ve tüm bu yöntemler, geleneksel ekstraksiyon yöntemi olarak uygulanan maserasyon (M) ile kıyaslanarak, istatistiksel farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ohmik ekstraksiyonun US ve MD ile kombine halde kullanımı, hem arı poleninden biyoaktif bileşenlerin daha yüksek düzeyde ekstraksiyonunu sağlamış, hem de ekstraksiyon süresini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Sıvı kromatografisi tandem kütle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) ile yapılan fenolik bileşik analizlerinde arı poleni örneklerinde 10 fenolik asit, 20 flavonoid ve diğer biyoaktif bileşikler olmak üzere tolam 31 adet bileşik tanımlanmıştır.
In this study conducted with 15 bee pollen samples collected from different regions of Turkey, it was aimed to determine regional differences in terms of bioactive components using traditional and innovative extraction methods. For this purpose, total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF) and antioxidant capacity (AK) contents of the samples and phenolic and flavonoid substance profiles were investigated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Optimum extraction parameters were determined according to Box-Behnken experimental design using surface response method (RSM) in the extraction of bioactive components from bee pollen by ohmic heating. The ohmic extraction conditions determined according to the highest TP content (270,27 mg GAE/100 g KM) in the bee pollen obtained from the Sahilceylan region of Seydikemer district of Muğla province, which has the highest TP and TF contents and AC and was determined to have a statistically significant difference (p<0,05); sample/solvent ratio 1/23,9681 g/mL, temperature 55,5789 °C and voltage gradient 39,7913 V/cm. Bioactive components were also extracted from bee pollen using ultrasonic (US) and microwave (MD) methods and their combinations with ohmic heating (ohmic assisted ultrasonic [OH-US] and ohmic assisted microwave [OH-MD]) and all these methods were compared with the traditional extraction method of maceration (M) and statistical differences were revealed. In conclusion, the use of ohmic extraction in combination with US and MD provided both a higher level of extraction of bioactive components from bee pollen and significantly reduced the extraction time. In phenolic compound analyses by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a total of 31 compounds including 10 phenolic acids, 20 flavonoids and other bioactive compounds were identified in bee pollen samples.
In this study conducted with 15 bee pollen samples collected from different regions of Turkey, it was aimed to determine regional differences in terms of bioactive components using traditional and innovative extraction methods. For this purpose, total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF) and antioxidant capacity (AK) contents of the samples and phenolic and flavonoid substance profiles were investigated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Optimum extraction parameters were determined according to Box-Behnken experimental design using surface response method (RSM) in the extraction of bioactive components from bee pollen by ohmic heating. The ohmic extraction conditions determined according to the highest TP content (270,27 mg GAE/100 g KM) in the bee pollen obtained from the Sahilceylan region of Seydikemer district of Muğla province, which has the highest TP and TF contents and AC and was determined to have a statistically significant difference (p<0,05); sample/solvent ratio 1/23,9681 g/mL, temperature 55,5789 °C and voltage gradient 39,7913 V/cm. Bioactive components were also extracted from bee pollen using ultrasonic (US) and microwave (MD) methods and their combinations with ohmic heating (ohmic assisted ultrasonic [OH-US] and ohmic assisted microwave [OH-MD]) and all these methods were compared with the traditional extraction method of maceration (M) and statistical differences were revealed. In conclusion, the use of ohmic extraction in combination with US and MD provided both a higher level of extraction of bioactive components from bee pollen and significantly reduced the extraction time. In phenolic compound analyses by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a total of 31 compounds including 10 phenolic acids, 20 flavonoids and other bioactive compounds were identified in bee pollen samples.
Description
Keywords
Arı poleni, Biyoaktif bileşenler, Fenolik bileşikler, Ekstraksiyon, Ohmik ısıtma, Ultrasonik, Mikrodalga, Optimizasyon, Bee pollen, Bioactive components, Phenolic compounds, Extraction, Ohmic heating, Ultrasonic, Microwave, Optimization