Kısıntılı sulamanın ana ve ikinci ürün silajlık mısır çeşitlerinde verim ve verim ögeleri üzerine etkisi
Date
2024
Authors
Seçme, Halis
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, 2021 ve 2022 yıllarında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak açık tarla koşullarında gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, Ana (I.Ürün) ve İkinci Ürün olarak yetiştirilen iki farklı silajlık mısır çeşidinde (DKC6777 ve Everest) dört farklı sulama seviyesi (I100: mevcut toprak nemini tarla kapasitesine ulaştıracak düzeyde sulama, I66, I33 ve I0 ise sırasıyla I100’ün %66, %33 ve %0’ı) ele alınmıştır. İki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre; ekim zamanı, çeşit ve sulama seviyesinin yeşil ot verimi ve biyokütle verimi ile önemli verim parametreleri üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak (p<0,01) önemli bulunmuştur. Ana Ürün yeşil ot verimi, II. Ürüne göre daha yüksek gerçekleşmiştir. DKC6777 mısır çeşidinin verimi Everest’e kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek yeşil ot verimi tam sulama (I100) konusundan elde edilmiş, ortalama verilere göre kısıntılı sulama oranı arttıkça verimde %15-58 düzeyinde azalma meydana gelmiştir. Genelde sulama seviyesindeki artışla biyokütle verimi, bitki ağırlığı, bitki boyu, yaprak oranı, ilk koçan yüksekliği, sap çapı ve koçan kalınlığı değerleri artarken sap ve koçan oranları azalmıştır. Kısıntılı sulama konularında, su verimliliği (WP) ve sulama suyu verimliliği (IWP) göreceli olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, Bursa ekolojik koşulları için DKC6777 mısır çeşidinin I. Ürün olarak tam sulama koşulları altında yetiştirilmesi tavsiye edilebilir. Bu durumda, 881 mm mevsimlik sulama suyu uygulanarak 1032 mm bitki su tüketimi ve 9,30 ton/da yeşil ot verimi elde edilebilir. Suyun kıt olduğu koşullarda ise su verimliliği ve verim azalma oranı gibi değerler dikkate alındığında %33 su tasarrufu yapılabilen I66 sulama konusu önerilebilir.
This study was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture of Uludağ University in Bursa in 2021 and 2022. In the study carried out under open field conditions with a split-split plot design with three replications, two different silage maize varieties grown as the main (firts) and second crops (DKC6777 and Everest) and four different irrigation levels (I100: irrigation level reaching the field capacity, I66, I33, and I0 representing 66%, 33%, and 0% of I100, respectively) were considered. According to the two-year average values, the effects of sowing time, variety, and irrigation level on green fodder yield and biomass yield, as well as important yield parameters, were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). Main crop green yield was higher than that of the second crop. The yield of the DKC6777 maize variety was found to be higher compared to Everest. The highest green yield was obtained from full irrigation (I100), and as the deficit irrigation rate increased, a decrease in yield ranging from 15% to 58% was observed according to average values. Generally, with an increase in irrigation level, biomass yield, plant weight, plant height, leaf ratio, first cob height, stem diameter, and cob thickness values increased, while stem and cob ratios decreased. In deficit irrigation conditions, water productivity (WP) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) were relatively higher. Considering all the obtained results, it can be recommended to grow the DKC6777 maize variety as the first crop under full irrigation conditions for the ecological conditions of Bursa. In this case, a green yield of 9.30 tons/ha can be obtained by applying 881 mm of seasonal irrigation water and 1032 mm of plant water consumption. In conditions where water is scarce, the irrigation treatment I66, which can save 33% of water while considering water productivity and yield reduction rate, can be suggested.
This study was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture of Uludağ University in Bursa in 2021 and 2022. In the study carried out under open field conditions with a split-split plot design with three replications, two different silage maize varieties grown as the main (firts) and second crops (DKC6777 and Everest) and four different irrigation levels (I100: irrigation level reaching the field capacity, I66, I33, and I0 representing 66%, 33%, and 0% of I100, respectively) were considered. According to the two-year average values, the effects of sowing time, variety, and irrigation level on green fodder yield and biomass yield, as well as important yield parameters, were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). Main crop green yield was higher than that of the second crop. The yield of the DKC6777 maize variety was found to be higher compared to Everest. The highest green yield was obtained from full irrigation (I100), and as the deficit irrigation rate increased, a decrease in yield ranging from 15% to 58% was observed according to average values. Generally, with an increase in irrigation level, biomass yield, plant weight, plant height, leaf ratio, first cob height, stem diameter, and cob thickness values increased, while stem and cob ratios decreased. In deficit irrigation conditions, water productivity (WP) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) were relatively higher. Considering all the obtained results, it can be recommended to grow the DKC6777 maize variety as the first crop under full irrigation conditions for the ecological conditions of Bursa. In this case, a green yield of 9.30 tons/ha can be obtained by applying 881 mm of seasonal irrigation water and 1032 mm of plant water consumption. In conditions where water is scarce, the irrigation treatment I66, which can save 33% of water while considering water productivity and yield reduction rate, can be suggested.
Description
Keywords
Silajlık mısır, Ekim zamanı, Kısıntılı sulama, Bitki su tüketimi, Su verimliliği, Silage maize, Sowing time, Deficit irrigation, Plant water consumption, Water productivity