Varis ve malignite dışı üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamalarının değerlendirilmesi
Date
2004-08-19
Authors
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Varis dışı üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamalarının etyopatogenezinde yer alan faktörler son 20 yılda daha iyi tanımlanmıştır. Biz bu çalışmayla, etyolojik faktörlerin değişip değişmediğini, risk faktörlerini, kanama komplikasyonlarını ve mortalite oranlarını tekrar gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık. 1996-2003 yılları arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı kliniğinde, varis ve malignite dışı üst gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) kanaması ile yatarak tetkik ve tedavisi yapılan 221 hastada, retrospektif olarak, yaş, seks, etyolojik faktörler, predispozan faktörler ve kanama komplikasyonları ile mortalite irdelendi. Hastaların % 43.4’ünde sigara, % 17.6’sında alkol, % 49.8’inde aspirin, % 19.5’inde diğer nonsteroidal antiinflamatuar ilaç (NSAİİ) kullanımı, % 58.4’ünde komorbidite mevcuttu. Endoskopik olarak kanama nedenleri arasında % 41.94 ile duodenum ülseri 1. sırada, % 29 ile eroziv gastrit 2. sırada, % 20 ile mide ülseri 3. sıradaydı. Hastalarımızın %76.5’i erkek ve % 23.5’i kadındı. En fazla kanamanın 61-70 yaş grupları arasında olduğu görüldü. Seksen yaşından sonra varis dışı üst GİS kanamasının, kadınlarda erkeklerden 2 kat fazla olduğu saptandı. Başvuru sırasındaki kanama bulguları yalnız hematemez % 19, yalnız melena % 56.6, hematemezle birlikte melena % 20.3 olarak saptandı. Hastaların % 95.5’i medikal tedaviye, % 1.8’i cerrahi tedaviye yanıt verdi ve % 2.7’sinde mortalite gözlendi. Varis ve malignite dışı üst GİS kanamasında duodenal ülser ilk sıradadır. Aspirin ve diğer NSAİİ kullanımı üst GİS kanamasında artmış bir risk faktörüdür. Kanama, erkek cinsiyette kadınlara göre daha fazla ve 80 yaşından sonra ise kadınlarda erkeklerden daha fazla görülmektedir. Komorbidite, üst GİS kanamasında mortalite için bir risk faktörüdür. Prognoz skor sistemlerine göre düşük risk faktörüne sahip olan hastaların büyük bir çoğunluğu medikal tedaviye yeterli yanıt vermektedir.
Over the last two decades, the etiopathogenesis of non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding have clearly been described. In our study, we aimed to search risk factors, the complications of bleeding, mortality rate and to find whether the etiologic factors of these kinds of bleeding have been changed or not. We retrospectively evaluated 221 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding who had applied to our gastroenterology department between 1996 and 2003. We therefore aimed to find out demographic features, etiological and predisposing factors and the complications of bleeding. Among our study population, the frequency of smoking was 43.4%, alcohol drinking 17.6%, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage 19.5%, aspirin usage 49.8% and comorbidity was 58.4%. The causes of bleeding were diagnosed endoscopically and duodenal ulcers were found in 41.9%, gastric erosions 29% and gastric ulcers in 20% of patients. Seventy-six percent of our patients were male and bleeding was commonly seen at the aged between 61 and 70 years. After the age of 80 years bleeding risk was found to be two times greater among females compared to men. Thirty-two percent of patients had previous bleeding history. At the time of initial application 19% of patients had hematemesis, 56.6% melena and 20.3% both hematemesis and melena. Ninety-six percent of the patients were treated medically and 1.8% had surgical operations. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Among causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal ulcers were the most commonly ones to blame. History of aspirin / NSAID usage was found to be increased the risk of bleeding. It was found that risk of bleeding was higher in males. But after the age of 80 bleeding risk was higher in females. The majority of patients who had low risk profiles according to prognosis scoring system were found to be easily cured by medical treatment.
Over the last two decades, the etiopathogenesis of non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding have clearly been described. In our study, we aimed to search risk factors, the complications of bleeding, mortality rate and to find whether the etiologic factors of these kinds of bleeding have been changed or not. We retrospectively evaluated 221 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding who had applied to our gastroenterology department between 1996 and 2003. We therefore aimed to find out demographic features, etiological and predisposing factors and the complications of bleeding. Among our study population, the frequency of smoking was 43.4%, alcohol drinking 17.6%, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage 19.5%, aspirin usage 49.8% and comorbidity was 58.4%. The causes of bleeding were diagnosed endoscopically and duodenal ulcers were found in 41.9%, gastric erosions 29% and gastric ulcers in 20% of patients. Seventy-six percent of our patients were male and bleeding was commonly seen at the aged between 61 and 70 years. After the age of 80 years bleeding risk was found to be two times greater among females compared to men. Thirty-two percent of patients had previous bleeding history. At the time of initial application 19% of patients had hematemesis, 56.6% melena and 20.3% both hematemesis and melena. Ninety-six percent of the patients were treated medically and 1.8% had surgical operations. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Among causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal ulcers were the most commonly ones to blame. History of aspirin / NSAID usage was found to be increased the risk of bleeding. It was found that risk of bleeding was higher in males. But after the age of 80 bleeding risk was higher in females. The majority of patients who had low risk profiles according to prognosis scoring system were found to be easily cured by medical treatment.
Description
Keywords
Üst gastrointestinal sistem kanaması, Etyoloji, Mortalite, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Etiology, Mortality
Citation
Gürel, S. ve İmadoğlu, O. (2004). "Varis ve malignite dışı üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamalarının değerlendirilmesi". Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 87-91.