Arıtma çamurları ve Nilüfer Çayı sedimentindeki poliaromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve giderimlerinin araştırılması
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Date
2013-02-11
Authors
Karaca, Gizem
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların (PAH'lar) arıtma çamurlarındaki, sentetik katı matrikslerdeki (Na2SO4), organik (torf) ve inorganik (bentonit) katı matrikslerdeki konsantrasyonları belirlenmiş ve alternatif giderim yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamda, Bursa'da işletilen bazı evsel ve endüstriyel atıksu arıtma tesislerinden çamur örnekleri alınmış ve PAH giderim uygulamaları özel olarak tasarlanan düzenekte gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arıtma çamurlarında UV-C ışınlarının kullanımıyla elde edilen en yüksek giderim verimleri kentsel çamurlarda %21, otomotiv çamurunda %65, gıda ve organize sanayi bölgesi çamurlarında ise sırasıyla %95 ve %36'dır. Çamurlara titanyum dioksit/dietilamin (TiO2/DEA) ilave edilmesiyle PAH giderim verimleri %100'e kadar yükselmiştir. Tüm çamur örneklerinde PAH giderim uygulamaları sırasında buharlaşarak giderilen PAH'ların %90'dan fazlasının 3-4 halkalı türlerden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. UV, UV-TiO2 ve UV-DEA uygulamalarıyla bentonitteki PAH'ların sırasıyla %75, %75 ve %88'nin giderildiği görülmüştür. Torf örneklerinde ise giderim oranları çok düşük olup maksimum giderim (%30) UV-DEA uygulamalarıyla sağlanmıştır. Na2SO4'teki PAH giderim uygulamalarında ise UV ışınlarının kullanımıyla PAH'ların %95'nin giderilebildiği ve örneklere DEA'nin ilave edilmesiyle bu değerin %100'e ulaştığı görülmüştür.Bu çalışma kapsamında, Bursa için önemli bir su kaynağı olan Nilüfer Çayı sedimentindeki PAH konsantrasyonlarının bölgesel ve mevsimsel değişimleri de belirlenmiştir. Nilüfer Çayı sedimentindeki toplam PAH konsantrasyonlarının mevsimsel olarak büyük değişim gösterdiği (15-9600 ng/g katı madde-KM) tespit edilmiş ve konsantrasyonların kış döneminde maksimum değerlere ulaştığı görülmüştür. Nilüfer Çayı sedimentindeki kirlilikte hem pirolitik kaynakların hem de petrojenik kaynakların etkili olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
In the present study, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the treatment sludges, in the synthetic solid matrices (Na2SO4), in the organic (peat) and inorganic (bentonite) solid matrices were determined and alternative removal methods were evaluated. Within this scope, sludge samples were taken from several municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in Bursa and PAH removal applications were carried out at a specially designed apparatus. The highest removal efficiencies obtained in the treatment with using of UV-C lights were 21% in the municipal sludge samples, 65% in the automotive sludge samples, 95% and 36% in the food and organized industrial site, respectively. With the addition of titanium dioxide/diethylamine (TiO2/DEA) to the sludge samples, the PAH removal efficiencies increased to 100%. More than 90% of all the PAH species in the sludge samples removed by evaporating during the PAH removal applications were determined to be composed of 3-4-rings species. It was observed that with the UV, UV-TiO2 and UV-DEA applications, PAHs in the bentonite were removed at the ratios of 75%, 75% and 88%, respectively. However, in the peat samples, the removal ratios were very low and the maximum removal (30%) was achieved through the UV-DEA applications. Moreover, during PAH removal applications in the Na2SO4, it was observed that with the use of the UV lights, 95% of the PAHs were removed, and with the addition of DEA to the samples, this value increased to 100%. It was determined that the total PAH concentrations in theFurthermore, the regional and the seasonal changes of PAH concentrations in the sediment of Nilüfer Creek, an important source of water for Bursa, were determined. Nilüfer Creek sediment showed great seasonal changes (15-9600 ng/g dry matter) and the concentrations reached maximum values during the winter. It was revealed that both pyrolytic sources and petrogenic sources had an effect on the pollution in the Nilüfer Creek sediment
In the present study, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the treatment sludges, in the synthetic solid matrices (Na2SO4), in the organic (peat) and inorganic (bentonite) solid matrices were determined and alternative removal methods were evaluated. Within this scope, sludge samples were taken from several municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in Bursa and PAH removal applications were carried out at a specially designed apparatus. The highest removal efficiencies obtained in the treatment with using of UV-C lights were 21% in the municipal sludge samples, 65% in the automotive sludge samples, 95% and 36% in the food and organized industrial site, respectively. With the addition of titanium dioxide/diethylamine (TiO2/DEA) to the sludge samples, the PAH removal efficiencies increased to 100%. More than 90% of all the PAH species in the sludge samples removed by evaporating during the PAH removal applications were determined to be composed of 3-4-rings species. It was observed that with the UV, UV-TiO2 and UV-DEA applications, PAHs in the bentonite were removed at the ratios of 75%, 75% and 88%, respectively. However, in the peat samples, the removal ratios were very low and the maximum removal (30%) was achieved through the UV-DEA applications. Moreover, during PAH removal applications in the Na2SO4, it was observed that with the use of the UV lights, 95% of the PAHs were removed, and with the addition of DEA to the samples, this value increased to 100%. It was determined that the total PAH concentrations in theFurthermore, the regional and the seasonal changes of PAH concentrations in the sediment of Nilüfer Creek, an important source of water for Bursa, were determined. Nilüfer Creek sediment showed great seasonal changes (15-9600 ng/g dry matter) and the concentrations reached maximum values during the winter. It was revealed that both pyrolytic sources and petrogenic sources had an effect on the pollution in the Nilüfer Creek sediment
Description
Keywords
Arıtma çamuru, Sediment, Poliaromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH), Buharlaşma, Sıcaklık, Titanyum dioksit (TiO2), Dietilamin (DEA), Torf, Bentonit, Treatment sludge, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Evaporation, Temperature, Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Diethylamine (DEA), Peat, Bentonite
Citation
Karaca, G. (2013). Arıtma çamurları ve Nilüfer Çayı sedimentindeki poliaromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve giderimlerinin araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.