Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi / Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University

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Aegean climate compatible ornamental grass species and visual properties for landscape design
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-06-22) Wallace, Meltem Yağmur; Salman, Ali
Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary branch based on the principle of conservation and / or re-creation of ecological balance. Landscape design is the fusion of both living and inanimate material based on this principle. The plant material, which is absolute for ecological balance, is classified hierarchically and used in the form of trees, shrubs, climbers, groundcovers, and grass groups. Within this structure, ornamental grasses constitute a group which is relatively new and infrequently used in Turkey. Ornamental grasses - the group of plants that develop mainly in ground covering or bushy form - are ecologically prominent, due to relatively low water consumption and design prominent, due to contribution to landscape colour and motion. In this research, 21 species and its 14 cultivars of 10 grass genera, Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ and ‘Variegatus’; Carex comans ‘Bronze’; Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’; Carex oshimensis ‘Everest’ and ‘Evergold’; Carex testacea; Cortaderia selloana ‘Gold Band’ and ‘Silverstar’; Leymus arenarius; Liriope muscari and L. muscari ‘Variegata’; Miscanthus sinensis ‘Flamingo’ and ‘Zebrinus’; Muhlenbergia capillaris; Ophiopogon japonicus and O. japonicus ‘Variegatus’; Pennisetum viridescens; Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’ and P. villosum with Stipa tenuissima, were observed over a four season period in Aegean climatic conditions; in this process, the plants’ adaptation to the area together with the visual changes they demonstrated were examined. As a result, among the grass group plants sold for the landscape sector in the Bayındır district of Izmir, the species which provided open field adaptation and avoided visual deterioration were determined. Therefore, a guiding source has been produced for compatible ornamental grass species and their visual characteristics which can be used in landscape designs in Aegean and Mediterranean climates. In this direction, it is aimed to spread the use of these grasses in order increase biodiversity and expand the visual richness of environmentally friendly landscape designs.
Aerodynamic performance of some wind turbine rotor models
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2010) Vardar, Ali; İzli, Nazmi; Kurtulmuş, Ferhat; Ziraat Fakültesi; Tarım Makinaları Bölümü
In this study, power coefficients of miniature wind turbine rotors produced by using NACA profiles were determined. To this end, an open system for wind turbine rotor model was established. In this test system power values of the wind that reach to each of the rotor form and tip speed ratios of each rotor form were indicated. With the help of these data, power coefficients of each rotor form were calculated. It was found that power coefficient values that were obtained in the study changed between 0,316 and 0,416. It was determined that 4-bladed rotors that were produced by using NACA 4415 and NACA 5317 profiles, having 0 degree twisting angle and approximately 10 degrees binding angle, had the highest ideal power coefficient values.
Alfalfa seed producfion and its problems in Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1987) Çelik, Necmettin; Ziraat Fakültesi
This article has been prepared to account for the current state of alfalfa seed production, production problems and their solutions in Turkey. There are two best known ecotypes, Kayseri and the oriental (Şark) alfalfas. These are grown mainly in Central and Eastern Anatolia regions. In recent years, however, two cultivars, Peru and Mesa-Sirsa are being widely grown on the Coastal regions. Alfalfa seed is domestically obtained from Kayaeri and Şark alfalfas in all regions except Marmara. But within the regions, the best ecology for seed production of alfalfa is found in Central and Eastern Anatolia. In general, alfalfa seed is realized on the fields established especially for hay porpose. Seed production indicates fluctuations among the years. By 1965, some of the produced seed has been exported to , but then whole production has become used domeatically. There are serious problems at every stage of seed culture of alfalfa and concequently very low yields. A great portion of the produced seed contains weed seed, dodder and other foreign particles. For this reason, it is very difficult for alfalfa growers to find pure and certified seed at market. In order to solve problems of seed production, a large scale research should be initiated, giving priority to dodder, and results transferred to alfalfa growers immidiatly. In addition, growers must be supported with economic aids of government. Furthermore, public organizations must diatribute certified seed and control the seed standardization .
Applications of singularity functions for designing farm machinery shafts
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1992) Okursoy, Rasim; Ziraat Fakültesi; Tarım Makinaları Bölümü
The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the singularity function as an analytical method, beside the numerical analysis techniques like finite elemenis method, are easily applied to determine design parameters for power transmission shafts which are widely used in fann machineries. The step size is important to integrate singularity functions on computer. Because the T-Solver Plus software performs integration based on the iterations of the step functions, the shear force, moment and the deflection of the shaft at any chosen locations can be easily calculated due to the arbitrarily chosen step size. Depending upon the amount of loads on the shaft, calculated deflection values are used to ftnd out the critical speed of the shaft.
Basic design and visual perception in landscape architecture education
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-02-25) Erdoğan, Elmas; Zeybek, Osman; Ziraat Fakültesi; Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü; 0000-0002-2752-407X
Basic Design, which is a mass course, is given in the first semester of undergraduate education of design professional disciplines. The aim of the course is to teach the students design elements and principles in case of two and three dimensional studies within the scope of basic design theory and to teach their usage through application exercises and to develop the skills of students in this field. This study was carried out in the fall semester of 2016 - 2017 academic year with the participation of first grade students of Department of Landscape Architecture of Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture. At the final stage, contribution of the basic design course to the visual perceptions of students was measured and discussed based on the evaluation of two observations, before and after completing the course study.
Biogas production potential from animal manure of Bursa province
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015-06-26) Ayhan, Aslı; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
Agricultural operations and livestock production are among the important economic activities for Turkey. But the great majority of energy demand of the agricultural enterprises is still supplied by conventional energy sources. The environment friendly biogas production which reduces the production costs in agricultural enterprises, is becoming more and more important. Animal manure, energy plants and agricultural organic wastes can be used as sources of biogas in the farms. The aim of this study was to determine the biogas production potential of Bursa for the period of 2008-2014. Chicken waste biogas potential production in 2008 took the first place with 54.612 dam3 and the total potential of biogas in 2014 increased to 129.106 dam3 by 33% compared to 2008. The amount of biogas in the case of 50% and 25% use of the theoretical biogas potential were calculated to be 64.553 and 32.276 dam3 in 2014, respectively. The heat and electrical energy equivalents of the biogas were found to be 2.788 TJ and 271 GWhe , respectively. In the other two scenarios, i,e. for 50% and 25% use of the theoretical biogas potential, heat and electric power values were determined proportionally.
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and the effects of diabetes disease
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012-08-09) Altınterim, Başar
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is an alternative therapy that has primarily been used for lowering blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Bitter melon's hypoglyecemic ingredients have been shown in animal and human studies.
Broiler chick quality and scoring methods
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013-11-28) İpek, Aydın; Sözcü, Arda; Ziraat Fakültesi; Zootekni Bölümü
The day old chick quality has a great importance for hatcheries and also broiler producers. It is an indicator of hatchery success and assurance of broiler productivity. Chick quality is affected by a number of factors from the time of fertilization to placement time at broiler houses. Generally, these factors are classified as pre-incubation and incibation factors. These factors affects embryo development and chick quality, and in this way post-hatch broiler performance. Day old chick quality is assessed by considering some parameters as colour, vitality, navel quality, yolk uptake, leg confirmation, well formed beak, chick hatching weight, yolk free body weight and chick length. While some of these parameters are qualitative, others are quantitative characteristics of chicks. Because of assessing of qualitative parameters, some scoring systems have been developed to convert these factors into a quantitative score. Fort his reason, visual scoring, Tona or Pasgar score, day old chick weight, yolk free body weight and chick length are used largely for measurement chick quality. In this review, definition of the day old chick quality, effecting factors and also scoring methods are explained.
Changes in climate parameters and their effects on renewable energy resources potential: Bursa sample
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-11-25) Arslan, Aslı Ayhan; Biçen, Tuğba; Vardar, Ali; Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0001-6349-9687; 0000-0003-0018-0825; 0000-0001-6826-2494
In this study, the objective was to find at what rate Bursa province of Turkey, is affected by the climatic process called "climate change" and the impacts of climate change on the potential of renewable energy resources, especially solar energy and wind energy. As a result of analyzes, it is seen that there is significant warming between 1960 and 2017. Especially soil temperatures and solar radiation intensity support this result. As a result of this work, it was determined that the changes in climate parameters for the province of Bursa have significant effects on renewable energy potential. According to the results obtained, there has been an increase of 34.5% in the solar energy potential, of 8.2% in thermal solar energy potential and of 3.6%-6.7 in soil temperature potential depending on the depths. In the wind energy potential, there was a decrease of 75% between 1960-1998 and an increase of 217.1% between 1999-2017.
Climate change impacts on precipitation dynamics in the Southern Marmara Region of Turkey
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-04-05) Yetik, Ali Kaan; CANDOĞAN, BURAK NAZMİ; Ziraat Fakültesi; 0000-0001-9898-5685
Understanding the dynamics of precipitation patterns is crucial for effective water management strategies, especially in regions vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This study investigates the projected changes in annual and seasonal precipitation across the Southern Marmara Region of Turkey by comparing the averages of the reference period (1971-2000) with those of the future period (2061-2090). Employing multiple climate models (GFDL, HADGEM, and MPI) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), the analysis includes Mann-Kendall trend tests and Sen's slope method to determine trends in precipitation patterns. Key findings reveal significant variability in precipitation projections among different models and scenarios, with implications for water resource management, agriculture, and ecosystem resilience in provinces such as Çanakkale, Balıkesir, Bursa, Bilecik, and Yalova. According to the annual rainfall change rates relative to the reference period, Balıkesir province stands out as the most resilient province against climate change with average rates of 8.81% and 7.09% under the HADGEM and MPI model simulations, respectively. Regarding seasonal variations, Bilecik province is expected to experience a significant decrease in rainfall, reaching up to -53.78% under the MPI RCP8.5 scenario. In terms of within-period changes in annual rainfall values, the strongest declining trend was identified with Z=-2.03 in Bilecik province under the MPI RCP8.5 scenario conditions by the Mann-Kendall test. On the other hand, for seasonal variations, Bursa province demonstrates the most robust decreasing trend under the GFDL RCP4.5 conditions (Z=-2.89). The study emphasizes the importance of considering spatially varying precipitation patterns and potential shifts in atmospheric circulation for sustainable water resource management amidst climate variability and change in the Southern Marmara region. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in developing adaptive strategies to address the challenges posed by future climate scenarios.
Crop type classification using Sentinel 2A-derived Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) and machine learning approach
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-03-20) GÜNDOĞDU, KEMAL SULHİ; Bantchina, Benjamin Bere; Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0002-2593-426X; 0000-0002-5591-4788
Satellite remote sensing (RS) enables the extraction of vital information on land cover and crop type. Land cover and crop type classification using RS data and machine learning (ML) techniques have recently gained considerable attention in the scientific community. This study aimed to enhance remote sensing research using high-resolution satellite imagery and a ML approach. To achieve this objective, ML algorithms were employed to demonstrate whether it was possible to accurately classify various crop types within agricultural areas using the Sentinel 2A-derived Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE). Five ML classifiers, namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), were implemented using Python programming on Google Colaboratory. The target land cover classes included cereals, fallow, forage, fruits, grassland-pasture, legumes, maize, sugar beet, onion-garlic, sunflower, and watermelon-melon. The classification models exhibited strong performance, evidenced by their robust overall accuracy (OA). The RF model outperformed, with an OA rate of 95% and a Kappa score of 92%. It was followed by DT (88%), KNN (87%), SVM (85%), and MLP (82%). These findings showed the possibility of achieving high classification accuracy using NDRE from a few Sentinel 2A images. This study demonstrated the potential enhancement of the application of high-resolution satellite RS data and ML for crop type classification in regions that have received less attention in previous studies.
The design process of children's playgrounds connecting indoor and outdoor spaces: Case of Bornova children's world, Izmir
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-12-14) Demir, Sara; Turan, Okan; Günay, Emre
The spatial planning and design process are based on the user profiles and their needs. In this context, it is important to know the characteristics of the user groups consisting of children, young people, the elderly and individuals with special needs in terms of healthy and successful design. Therefore, in the design for child users, indoor and outdoor spaces serving the physical, cognitive, and socio-sensory development and based on the principles of colorfulness, mobility and naturalness should be designed. The Children’s World project designed in this context was realized in Bornova district of İzmir province in Turkey. The aim of this study is to design indoor and outdoor playgrounds that reflect the world of children. The children’s playgrounds aim to serve the developmental stages of the child and to be based on the landscape design principles in playgrounds. The landscape design process was implemented step by step for healthy children’s playgrounds. The physical, cognitive, and socio-sensory developmental stages of the children and the colorfulness, mobility and naturalness design criteria of the children’s playgrounds with the flooring materials with playful and colorful patterns, the movable cube game modules and seating units and the plant material that changes color in all seasons were handled within the framework of a holistic design and accordingly, portable and colorful indoor and outdoor playgrounds consisting of exhibition-information-experience areas, workshops and courtyards were created. As a result, in this study which includes original, qualified, functional, innovative and contemporary design solutions, settlement decisions, plan decisions, facade and material decisions, sustainability decisions, and open space decisions were taken. The findings and methodology of this study may serve as an example of the landscape design process for other similar projects to be designed in different regions that take into account the developmental periods and principles of children.
Determination of antimicrobial properties of endemic Black Sakı apple vinegar produced by traditional method using different yeast raw materials
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-12-26) Yangınlar, Filiz; Gülhan, Barış; Kılıçgün, Hasan
In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibiotic effect of Black Sakı cider vinegar (homemade) produced with different yeasts against different pathogenic bacterial species (E. faecalis ATCC 29212, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 8739, E. coli (colistin R) ATCC 19846, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), with clinical antibiotic resistance by using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. In general, it had been determined that all vinegar samples had antibacterial effect, and the most antibacterial effect against all standard strains was commercial vinegar sample (No. 7 vinegar). It was determined that vinegar sample number 1 (vinegar containing 0.3% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was the weakest effective vinegar sample against all other standard strains except for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 strain. In addition, in Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 strain, the sample number 6 was organic household vinegar, in which MIC values were obtained at 1/32 dilution, unlike the others. In conclusion, the antimicrobial effect of Black Sakı apple vinegar obtained from different yeast raw materials on various microorganisms was determined in detail. These results will form the basis of new studies and will enable studies to be conducted to investigate more bacterial species and their effects on human health by producing Black Sakı vinegar at different doses and techniques.
Determination of some toxic element (Cr, Cd, Cu and Pb) levels in cumin and cinnamon aromatic plants frequently used as foodstuff
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-04-04) Karapınar, Hacer Sibel; Kılıçel, Fevzi
Aromatic plants are repositories of various elements in a wide concentration range with significant negative or positive health effects. It is known that there are more than twenty elements with physiological activity in mammals and humans. Elements like copper, nickel, cobalt and chromium are necessary ingredients of biological structures. Such elements may be toxic at concentrations above the limit values required for their function. In many biochemical reactions, elements such as lead, cadmium and arsenic have toxic effects. In this study, the amounts of some toxic elements in cumin and cinnamon samples were determined. Elemental amounts of Cr, Cd, Cu and Pb in 8 samples were analyzed with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) method. According to the results, Cr element was found to be higher in the studied samples. Cu, Pb and Cd elements were found to be normal. In addition, the analytic method was confirmed by detection limits, accuracy, linearity and recovery experiments, sufficient values were obtained in each case.
Effecf of different growth regulators on bud burst and rooting in some fruit cuttings
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1984) Eriş, Atilla; Soylu, Arif; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü
In this study the effect of Naphtyl Acetic Acid (NAA), Ascorbic Acid (AA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) on rooting of mulberry and fig cuttings; and besides, the effect of Alar (B-9), and Salicylic Acid (SA) on bud burst of some peach, cherry and pear cuttings were investigated. NAA (100, 200, 400 ppm) increased significantly both rooting percentage and root dry weight in the hardwood cuttings of Bursa Siyahı fig variety. Also it had the same effect on the root dry weight of Ichinose mulberry variety in the experimental year of 1985 . On the other hand, AA (100, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) had no significant effect on rooting percentage and root dry weight of mulberry and fig cuttings. NAA (100, 200 ppm) had also increased root dry weight of Ichinose cuttings in 1986. But IBA did not show promoter effect on the rooting of the cuttings of both Ichinose mulberry and Bursa Siyahı fig varieties. Alar (2000, 4000 ppm) delayed first bud burst 1-4 days, and mean bud burst 2-6 days in peach, cherry and pear cuttings in 1985. SA (500, 1000, 2000 ppm) delayed first bud burst 1-2 days and mean bud burst 1-4 days in cherry and peach cuttings. Alar (2000, 4000, 8000 ppm) delayed first bud burst 1-4 days and mean bud burst 2-8 days and SA (4000 ppm) delayed first bud burst 0-2 and mean bud burst 3-7 days in pear cuttings in 1986. Neither Alar nor SA affected the total bud burst percentages in the two years of experiment.
Effecfs of some plant growth regulators on the yield and quality of muscat of Hamburg grape variety
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 1982) Eriş, Atilla; Ağaoğlu, Y. Sabit; Ziraat Fakültesi; Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü
Bu araştırmada DMC (N-Dimethylmorpholinium cblorid) ve Ethrel (2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid)'in farklı dozlardaki uygulamalarının Hamburg Misketi üzüm çeşidinde mahsul miktarı ve kaliteye etkileri araştırılmıştır. Her iki bitki büyüme maddesi 0, 100, 500 ve 1000 ppm dozlarında kullanılmış olup; DMC, tomurcukların sürmesinden 35 ve 45 gün sonra olmak üzere 2 kez, Ethrel ise sadece 35 gün sonra 1 kez püskürtme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. DMC uygulamaları, dozlara bağlı olarak, mahşul miktarını, salkım ağırlığını, salkımdaki tane adedini ve total asit miktarını istatistik olarak arttırmıştır. Buna karşılık 100 tane ağırlıkları, 25 tane hacmi ve toplam kuru madde miktarı ise istatistik olarak azalmıştır. pH değerleri ve tane boyutlarının da aritmetik olarak azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Ethrel uygulamaları sonucunda ise; mahsul miktarı istatistik olarak (0.01)düzeyde azalırken; diğer özellikler arasında ve kontrola göre uygulamaların herhangi bir etkisinin bulunmadığı saptanmıştır.
Effect of age, live weight and body condition score on fertility in estrous synchronization of kıvırcık sheep
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-03-11) Nageye, Farida İbrahim; KOYUNCU, MEHMET; Ziraat Fakültesi; Zootekni Bölümü; 0000-0003-0379-7492; 0000-0003-0379-7492
Kızgınlığı senkronize edilen Kıvırcık koyunlarında yaş, canlı ağırlık ve vücut kondisyon skorunun koyunların üreme parametreleri ve kuzuların gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yaş, vücut kondisyonu ve canlı ağırlığı farklı olan toplam 85 baş koyun değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Ana yaşı, vücut kondisyon skoru (koç katım-doğum) ve canlı ağırlık (koç katım-doğum) ortalamaları sırasıyla 2.98, (3.04-3.22) ve (57.05-62.99) bulunmuştur. Ana yaşı ve vücut kondisyon skorunun kuzulama oranı, çoğuz doğum oranı ve yaşama gücü üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Koç katım ve doğum dönemindeki canlı ağırlıkların çoğuz doğum oranı üzerine etkisi önemli bulunurken, yaşama gücü üzerine sadece doğum dönemindeki canlı ağırlık değerinin etkisi önemlidir (P<0.05). Ana yaşının doğum ağırlığı üzerine önemsiz, sütten kesim ağırlığı ve günlük canlı ağırlık artışı üzerine etkileri ise önemlidir (P<0.05). Anaların doğum dönemindeki canlı ağırlığının, kuzuların sütten kesim ve günlük canlı ağırlık artışı üzerindeki regresyon katsayısı önemlidir (P<0.05). Koyunların yaş, farklı dönemlerdeki canlı ağırlık ve vücut kondisyonun kendi aralarındaki korelasyon katsayısı değerlerinin (0.220-0.874) önemli olduğu saptanmıştır (P<0.05; P<0.01).
Effect of Bacillus subtilis Ch-13, nitrogen and phosphorus on yield, protein and gluten content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015-03-06) Kayın, Günsu Barışık; Öztüfekçi, Sencer; Akın, Hasan Fatih; Karaata, Ekin Ulaş; Katkat, A. Vahap; Turan, Murat Ali; Ziraat Fakültesi; Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü
The effects of Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 (BS0 Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 not applied and BS1 Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 applied) and chemical fertilizer CF0 (0 kg N da-1 , 0 kg P da-1 ), CF25 (5 kg N da-1 , 0.7 kg P da-1 ), CF50 (10 kg N da-1 , 1.4 kg P da-1 ), CF75 (15 kg N da-1 , 2.1 kg P da-1 ), CF100 (20 kg N da-1 , 2.8 kg P da-1 ) on yield, protein and gluten content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pehlivan), grown under natural climatic conditions were investigated. It is determined that yield, wet gluten and protein content of seed were increased by Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 application with increasing chemical fertilizer applications. Those effects of Bacillus subtilis Ch-13, nitrogen and phosphorus were found significantly important (P<0.01). However, the positive effect of Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on yield decreased with increasing doses of chemical fertilizer. The highest yield (466.2 kg da-1 ) was obtained from CF100BS1 application. The maximum gluten and protein content have been determined in CF100BS0 (33.5 %) and CF100BS0 (10.6 %) applications respectively.
The effect of batch drying at different temperatures on seed germination, physical, and seedling properties of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-03-20) Erdoğan, Hilal; Işık, Eşref; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
The aim of the present study was to determine some physical properties, drying time, energy consumption, the effects of batch drying at different temperatures on seed germination, and seedling characteristics of paddy cultivar Osmancik-97, which is grown extensively in Turkey. Paddy seeds, which were dried at different temperature values (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C), were dried to 14%, with initial moisture content 25% (w.b.). The average length, width, and thickness measurements of rice seeds decreased with the decrease in moisture content. Width, height, thickness decreased by 14- 1.78-1.42%, respectively. Surface area, arithmetic and geometric mean diameters, static friction coefficients on aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized iron, and rubber reduced with reducing moisture content. The highest static coefficient of friction for harvesting and storage moisture content was determined on the rubber surface and the lowest surface was determined as aluminium. Drying time, germination percentage, radicle and seedling weights, radicle and seedling lengths of Osmancık-97 paddy seeds dried in 4 different (50, 60, 70, 80 degrees) hot weather conditions were determined. Drying times were 691, 593, 495, and 478 minutes, respectively, with germination percentages of 96.0, 90.0, 87.3, and 68.7. The radicle and seedling weights of paddy seeds were found as 1.19-1.69, 1.09-1.65, 1.05-1.48, and 0.69-0.95 g respectively, and the radicle and seedling lengths were found as 106.8-81.8, 98.6-81.6, 92.8-78.7, and 75.7-70.9 mm respectively. Besides, we found that the dry seedling weight of paddy was 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, and 0.09 g at air of 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, respectively. In the current study, the drying at 80 °C was reduced seed viability and seedling vigour but found to be the least energy consumption; consequently, the drying at 50 °C was determined to be the highest for energy consumption.
The effect of bio fertilizer application on bulb yield and floristic properties of different commercial tulip varieties
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-06-19) Salman, Ali; Budak, Bülent; Wallace, Meltem Yağmur
The research was carried out in the experimental fields of Bayindir Vocational Training School at Ege University between the 2017-2018 vegetation periods. Five different commercial tulip varieties (Canadian Liberator, Van Eijk, Pink Impression, Carousel, Holland Beauty) were used as plant material. The research was carried out with three replications of randomized block design with two factors (cultivars, bio fertilizer application). In this study, first sprouting time, the beginning of flowering time, end of flowering time, flowering longevity, plant height, stem length and bulb yield values were examined. According to the data obtained from the research; the first sprouting occurred 49-72 days after planting date, the beginning of the flowering was in the range of the first week to the last week of March, and the end of flowering took place in the last week of March and mid-April. The flowering longevity was between 13 and 20 days, plant length was measured between 33.8 - 44.6 cm. Following to this stem length was measured and the value recorded between 27.3 - 36.2 cm. It was determined that the application of bio fertilizer increased bulb yield and did not reveal any impact on the other characteristics which was emphasized in this study.

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