Effects of full and deficit irrigation on the growth and quality of cool-season turfgrasses under subsurface drip irrigation

Abstract

Irrigation is necessary in terms of achieving high-quality turfgrass. However, it is evident that more efficient and cost effective irrigation methods should be adapted for the sake of water conservation strategies since water consumption is high during turf irrigation. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of full and deficit irrigation with subsurface drip irrigation on growth and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb) in a sub-humid climate of Turkey. Three irrigation treatments [I1 (full irrigation), I2 (mild water deficit, 75%), and I3 (moderate water deficit, 50%) were applied to the plants. Turf color and quality of each plot were rated visually, and clipping yields were collected. The amount of irrigation applied varied between 457.3 - 833.9 mm and 356.7 - 710.1 mm and seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETa) values ranged from 578.4 to 1053.0 mm for tall fescue and 551.2 to 1044.0 mm for perennial ryegrass in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Among the species, tall fescue showed higher visual color, quality ratings and clipping yields. In cases where it does not matter for one or two weeks to be below the acceptable quality (<6) minimum annual irrigation amounts required to maintain quality was 689.1 mm for perennial ryegrass and 578.4 for tall fescue. The results have suggested that acceptable visual color and quality are sustainable in the tall fescue with mild water deficit application in regions where irrigation water is limited in sub-humid climates. Studies on water-saving strategies to turfgrass in regions where the climates varies from year to year are lacking in literature.