Ortodoks Hıristiyanlıkta Athos Dağı (Aynoroz)
Date
2024-08-07
Authors
Ömer, Chasan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu tez çalışması, Yunanistan’ın kuzeydoğusunda yer alan ve Halkidiki’nin doğu ucunu oluşturan bir dağ ve yarımada olan, Yüksekliği 2,033 metre olan ve Yunanistan’ın en heybetli doğal oluşumlarından birisi konumunda olan Athos Dağı’nı incelemektedir. Bölge, 1.000 yılı aşkın bir süredir Ortodoks manastırcılığının merkezi olan manastır topluluğudur. Çalışmamız Athos Dağı’nın 9. yüzyıla kadar uzanan uzun bir tarihi seyrini aktarmaktadır. Diğer taraftan İlk keşişlerin münzevi bir hayat yaşamak için oraya yerleşmiş olduklarını, Athos’lu Aziz Athanasios’un 963 yılında ilk organize manastır olan Megisti Lavra’yı kurmasıyla beraber sistematik olarak inziva hayatının başlama safhasını incelemektedir. O zamandan beri Athos Dağı çok sayıda manastır ve hücre ile önemli bir rûhâni merkez haline gelmişti. Athos Dağı’ndaki 20 manastır özerktir ve her biri kendi başrahibi tarafından yönetilmektedir. Manastırlara ek olarak, daha küçük keşiş gruplarının veya bireysel münzevilerin yaşadığı inziva yerlerinin ve hücrelerin de varlığından söz edilmesi, çalışmamızın bir diğer parçasıdır. Athos Dağı keşişlerinin katı kuralları ve rûhâni hayatlarına bağlılıkla hayatlarına değinilmektedir. Daha sonra da Athos Dağı’nın Ortodoksluktaki önemine, rûhâni merkez oluşuna ve bazı kuralların açıklanmasına gidilmiştir. Son olarak da Yunanistan devleti ve Kilisesi ile ilişkilerine, Patrikhaneye ve rûhâni liderleri olarak kabul edilen Patriğe özel bir saygı duyulması açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
This thesis examines Mount Athos, a mountain and peninsula located in northeastern Greece and forming the eastern tip of Halkidiki, which is one of the most imposing natural formations in Greece, with an altitude of 2,033 meters. The region is a monastic community that has been the center of Orthodox monasticism for over 1,000 years. Our study presents a long history of Mount Athos dating back to the 9th century. On the one hand, it examines the first monks who settled there to live a life of asceticism, and on the other hand, the beginning of systematic hermitage when St Athanasios of Athos founded the first organized monastery, the Megisti Lavra, in 963. Since then, Mount Athos has become an important spiritual center with numerous monasteries and cells. The 20 monasteries on Mount Athos are autonomous and each is governed by its own abbot. In addition to the monasteries, the existence of hermitages and cells where smaller groups of monks or individual hermits lived is also part of our study. The lives of the monks of Mount Athos, with their strict rules and devotion to their spiritual life, are described. Then, the importance of Mount Athos in Orthodoxy, its being a spiritual center and the explanation of some rules are given. Finally, the relations with the Greek state and the Church, the Patriarchate and the special respect for the Patriarch, who is recognized as their spiritual leader, are tried to be explained.
This thesis examines Mount Athos, a mountain and peninsula located in northeastern Greece and forming the eastern tip of Halkidiki, which is one of the most imposing natural formations in Greece, with an altitude of 2,033 meters. The region is a monastic community that has been the center of Orthodox monasticism for over 1,000 years. Our study presents a long history of Mount Athos dating back to the 9th century. On the one hand, it examines the first monks who settled there to live a life of asceticism, and on the other hand, the beginning of systematic hermitage when St Athanasios of Athos founded the first organized monastery, the Megisti Lavra, in 963. Since then, Mount Athos has become an important spiritual center with numerous monasteries and cells. The 20 monasteries on Mount Athos are autonomous and each is governed by its own abbot. In addition to the monasteries, the existence of hermitages and cells where smaller groups of monks or individual hermits lived is also part of our study. The lives of the monks of Mount Athos, with their strict rules and devotion to their spiritual life, are described. Then, the importance of Mount Athos in Orthodoxy, its being a spiritual center and the explanation of some rules are given. Finally, the relations with the Greek state and the Church, the Patriarchate and the special respect for the Patriarch, who is recognized as their spiritual leader, are tried to be explained.
Description
Keywords
Avaton, Dağ, Keşişlik hayatı, Kutsallık, Manastır, Koura, Athos, Mountain, Monastic life, Holiness, Monastery, Tonsure