Kadın bestecilerin solo piyano eserlerinin ters yüz öğrenme modeli ile piyano eğitiminde kullanılabilirliği
Date
2022-02-11
Authors
Nergiz, Eda
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Piyano eğitim sürecinin ilk haftalarında ve eğitim sürecinin genelinde yer alan eseri tanıma ve eseri deşifre etme becerilerini kapsayan bilişsel ve devinişsel ön hazırlık çoğunlukla öğrenci tarafından gerçekleştirilen süreçlerdir. Söz konusu ön hazırlık sürecinin kaliteli ve sağlıklı işleyebilmesi için çeşitli öğretim yöntemleri veya modellerinin bulunduğu görülmektedir. Ders öncesi öğrenci ön hazırlığını sağlıklı şekilde gerçekleşmesini sağlayan modellerden olan Ters Yüz Öğrenme Modeli, ders anlatımının ve ödevlerin yerinin ve zamanının değiştirildiği, teknolojiden yararlanılarak sınıf içi derslerin sınıf dışına taşındığı ve sınıf içi zamanın farklı öğrenme aktiviteleri kullanılarak daha fazla pratik yapılacak şekilde düzenlendiği bir harmanlanmış öğrenme modelidir. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda müzik eğitiminde her basamakta ters yüz öğrenme modelinin araştırıldığı, yükseköğretim kurumlarında müzik tarihi, genel müzik eğitimi ve çeşitli çalgı eğitimlerinde bu modele ilişkin uygulamalara yer verildiği görülmektedir. Söz konusu çalışmalarda verilerin literatür taramaları, mülakatlar, anketler ve ölçekler ile elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak lisans düzeyi öğretim sürecinin detaylı ele alındığı nitel çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmekte, Ters Yüz Öğretim Modelinin piyano eğitiminde hangi hedeflerde fayda sağladığı, hangi öğrenim çıktılarında kazanım sağlamaya yardımcı olduğunun tespiti önem kazanmaktadır. Öğretim sürecinde kullanılan öğretim modellerinin yanı sıra ders materyallerinin de piyano eğitimcisinin göz önünde bulundurması gereken önemli bir unsur olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ders materyalleri seçiminde eser çeşitliliğinin, öğrencinin farklı stillerde eser çalışmasının önemli olduğu aktarılmaktadır. Müfredat ekseninde bakıldığında, kadın bestecilere ait vii eserlerin ülkemizde ve dünya genelinde konser programları ve eğitim müfredatlarında çok sınırlı yer aldığı bilgisi mevcut olup, Türkiye'de özellikle Avrupa Akademik Müziği üzerine yoğunlaşan kadın bestecilerin deneyimlerine dayanan bir literatür eksikliği olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Sözü edilen literatür eksikliğinin piyano eğitimine de yansımakta olduğu düşünülmekte ve kadın bestecilerin solo piyano eserlerinin lisans öğrencileri tarafından tanınmasının, çalışılmasının piyano eğitim literatürüne katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir. Tüm bu sebeplerden dolayı Türk kadın bestecilerin solo piyano eserlerinin Ters Yüz Öğrenme Modeli ile piyano eğitimi alan lisans düzeyi öğrencilerin gelişimine nasıl ve ne düzeyde katkı sağladığını tespit etmek bu çalışmanın amacı olarak belirlenmiştir. Amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiş olup, çalışmanın deseni Örnek Olay (Özel Durum) Desenidir. Çalışmada belirlenen alt problemler literatür taraması, Kişisel görüşme ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ile gerçekleştirilmiş; ana uygulamada ise veriler gözlem notları ve günlükler ile elde edilmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, gözlem notları ve günlüklerden elde edilen verilerin içerik analizi, Maxqda 2022 Nitel ve Karma Yöntemler için Profesyonel Veri Analizi Yazılımı programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alt problemlere yönelik yapılan literatür taraması ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sonuçlarına bakıldığında; 30 Türk kadın bestecinin 134 adet solo piyano eser isimlerine ulaşılmıştır. Tezin uygulamasında yer almayı kabul eden Ayşe Tütüncü, Banu Kanıbelli, Çiğdem Borucu Erdoğan, Ece Merve Yüceer, Ebru Güner Canbey, Gökçe Ağ Karcebaş, İlkim Tongur, Perihan Önder-Ridder ve hayatta olmadığı için eserleri müzikolog Nejla Melike Atalay'dan elde edilen Avniye Nazife Aral Güran isimli dokuz bestecinin 59 adet solo piyano eseri listelenmiştir. Ayrıca piyano öğretim elemanı görüşlerine göre Türk kadın bestecilerin solo piyano eserlerinin eğitimde kullanımının sınırlı olduğu görülmüş, bestecilerin yaygınlaştırılmasına ve eğitim müfredatlarında yer almalarına ilişkin öneriler elde edilmiştir. Ters Yüz Öğrenme Modelinin temel alındığı ve eserlerin Türk kadın bestecilere ait solo piyano eser listesinden seçilip uzman görüşleriyle öğrenci seviyelerine uygunluğunun belirlendiği sekiz haftalık uygulama aşamasına mesleki müzik öğrenimi görmekte olan dört lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmanın Örnek Olay (Özel Durum) Deseni çerçevesinde katılan öğrencilerin her biri bir vaka olarak ele alınmış ve tek tek değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulamada elde edilen gözlem notları ve günlükler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiş; pilot uygulamadaki bir ve ana uygulamadaki dört öğrencide de "Ders Videosunun İzlenme Durumu", "Ders Materyallerinin Öğrenci Ön Hazırlığına Etkisi", "Ders İçi Beceri Kazanım Durumları" ve "Öğretim Yöntemleri" isimli aynı temaların oluştuğu, ancak her öğrencide farklı kod yoğunluğu elde edildiği görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin almakta oldukları piyano derslerinin öğrenim çıktıları göz önüne alındığında, süreç içinde ve süreç viii sonunda elde ettikleri "Teknik Becerilere Katkı", "Müzikal Becerilere Katkı" ve "Eser ve Bestecisine Yönelik Araştırmaya İlgi" gibi kod ve kategoriler ile söz konusu öğrenim çıktılarını elde ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ailenin müziği desteklemesi, ailede müzisyen olması ve piyano eğitimine başlama yaşının ters yüz öğrenme modeli ile hazırlanan ders materyallerini etkili kullanmada olumlu veya olumsuz etkiye sebep olmadığı, bu modelin ön hazırlıkta en etkili olduğu öğrencinin lisans düzeyi göz önüne alındığında bireysel öğrenmenin sorumluluğunun alındığı lisans süreçlerinde daha verimli olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Dört öğrencinin ele alındığı bu çalışmanın sınırlı olduğu, ancak sağlıklı ön hazırlık ve öğrencinin öğrenme sorumluluğunu alabildiği bir piyano eğitimi bakış açısı sunması sebebiyle piyano eğitimcilerine ve piyano eğitimi alan öğrencilere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Cognitive and psychomotor preparation, which includes the skills of recognizing the piece and sight reading the piece in the first weeks of the piano education process and throughout the education process, are mostly processes performed by the student. It is seen that there are various teaching methods or models for the preparation process in the point in question to function in a quality and healthy manner. The Flipped Learning Model, which is one of the models that enables the student pre-preparation before the lesson to take place in a healthy way; It is a blended learning model in which the place and time of lectures and assignments are changed, in-class lessons are moved out of the classroom by making use of technology, and in-class time is organized in a way that allows more practice by using different learning activities. As a result of the literature review, it is seen that the Flipped Learning Model is researched at every step in music education, and implementation related to this model are included in music history, general music education and various instrument trainings in higher education institutions. In aforementioned studies it was determined that the data were obtained through literature reviews, interviews, questionnaires and scales. However, it is seen that the qualitative studies that deal with the undergraduate education process in detail are limited, and it is important to determine which targets the Flipped Learning Model is beneficial in piano education and which learning outcomes it helps to achieve. Besides the teaching models used in the teaching process, the course materials are considered to be an important element that the piano educator take into consider. It is stated that the diversity of the work and the student's work in different styles are important in the x selection of course materials. In terms of curriculum, there is very limited information that works by women composers are included in concert programs and education curricula in Turkey and around the world, and it is emphasized that there is a lack of literature based on the experiences of women composers in Turkey, especially focusing on European Academic Music. It is thought that the aforementioned lack of literature is also reflected in piano education, and it is anticipated that the recognition and study of solo piano works of women composers by undergraduate students will contribute to the piano education literature. For all these reasons, the aim of this study is to determine in what way and at what level the solo piano works of Turkish women composers contribute to the development of undergraduate students who receive piano education with the Flipped Learning Model. Qualitative research method was adopted in line with the purpose, and the pattern of the study was determined as Case Study Design. The sub-problems identified in the study were carried out through literature review, personal communication and semi-structured interviews; in the main application, the data were obtained with observation notes and diaries. Content analysis of the data obtained from semi-structured interviews, observation notes and diaries was carried out with Maxqda 2022 Professional Data Analysis Software for Qualitative and Mixed Methods. Considering that the results of the literature review and semi-structured interviews for the sub-problems; the names of 133 solo piano works by 30 Turkish women composers have been reached. Ayşe Tütüncü, Banu Kanıbelli, Çiğdem Borucu Erdoğan, Ece Merve Yüceer, Ebru Güner Canbey, Gökçe Ağ Karcebaş, İlkim Tongur, Perihan Önder-Ridder, who agreed to take part in the implementation of the thesis, and Avniye Nazife Aral Güran, whose works were obtained from the musicologist Nejla Melike Atalay, since she is not alive. 59 solo piano works by nine composers are listed. In addition, according to the opinions of the piano instructors, it was seen that the use of solo piano works by Turkish women composers in education was limited, and suggestions were obtained regarding the dissemination of composers and their inclusion in education curricula. Four undergraduate students studying occupational music participated in the eight-week implementation phase, which was based on the Flipped Learning Model and the works were selected from the list of solo piano works by Turkish women composers and their suitability for student levels was determined with expert opinions. Within the framework of the Case Study Design of the study, each of the participating students was approached as a case and evaluated one by one. Observation notes and diaries obtained in the application were analyzed by content analysis; It was observed that the same themes as "Course Video Viewing", "The Effect of Course Materials on Student Preparation", "In-class Skill Achievement Situations" and "Teaching Methods" were formed xi in all four students, but within different code density was obtained for each student. Considering that the learning outcomes of the piano lessons students are taking, it was concluded that they obtained the point in question learning outcomes with the codes and categories named "Contribution to Technical Skills", "Contribution to Musical Skills" and "Interest in Research for The Work and Its Composer" that they obtained during and at the end of the process. In addition, variables such as family support for music, being a musician in the family and the age of starting piano education do not have a positive or negative effect on the effective use of the course materials prepared with the Flipped Learning Model; It has been concluded that this model is most effective in preparation, and it is more efficient in undergraduate processes where the responsibility of individual learning is taken into account, considering the undergraduate level of the student. It is thought that this study, in which four students are handled, is limited, but will contribute to piano educators and students who take piano education, as it provides a healthy preliminary preparation and a piano education perspective in which the student can take responsibility for learning.
Cognitive and psychomotor preparation, which includes the skills of recognizing the piece and sight reading the piece in the first weeks of the piano education process and throughout the education process, are mostly processes performed by the student. It is seen that there are various teaching methods or models for the preparation process in the point in question to function in a quality and healthy manner. The Flipped Learning Model, which is one of the models that enables the student pre-preparation before the lesson to take place in a healthy way; It is a blended learning model in which the place and time of lectures and assignments are changed, in-class lessons are moved out of the classroom by making use of technology, and in-class time is organized in a way that allows more practice by using different learning activities. As a result of the literature review, it is seen that the Flipped Learning Model is researched at every step in music education, and implementation related to this model are included in music history, general music education and various instrument trainings in higher education institutions. In aforementioned studies it was determined that the data were obtained through literature reviews, interviews, questionnaires and scales. However, it is seen that the qualitative studies that deal with the undergraduate education process in detail are limited, and it is important to determine which targets the Flipped Learning Model is beneficial in piano education and which learning outcomes it helps to achieve. Besides the teaching models used in the teaching process, the course materials are considered to be an important element that the piano educator take into consider. It is stated that the diversity of the work and the student's work in different styles are important in the x selection of course materials. In terms of curriculum, there is very limited information that works by women composers are included in concert programs and education curricula in Turkey and around the world, and it is emphasized that there is a lack of literature based on the experiences of women composers in Turkey, especially focusing on European Academic Music. It is thought that the aforementioned lack of literature is also reflected in piano education, and it is anticipated that the recognition and study of solo piano works of women composers by undergraduate students will contribute to the piano education literature. For all these reasons, the aim of this study is to determine in what way and at what level the solo piano works of Turkish women composers contribute to the development of undergraduate students who receive piano education with the Flipped Learning Model. Qualitative research method was adopted in line with the purpose, and the pattern of the study was determined as Case Study Design. The sub-problems identified in the study were carried out through literature review, personal communication and semi-structured interviews; in the main application, the data were obtained with observation notes and diaries. Content analysis of the data obtained from semi-structured interviews, observation notes and diaries was carried out with Maxqda 2022 Professional Data Analysis Software for Qualitative and Mixed Methods. Considering that the results of the literature review and semi-structured interviews for the sub-problems; the names of 133 solo piano works by 30 Turkish women composers have been reached. Ayşe Tütüncü, Banu Kanıbelli, Çiğdem Borucu Erdoğan, Ece Merve Yüceer, Ebru Güner Canbey, Gökçe Ağ Karcebaş, İlkim Tongur, Perihan Önder-Ridder, who agreed to take part in the implementation of the thesis, and Avniye Nazife Aral Güran, whose works were obtained from the musicologist Nejla Melike Atalay, since she is not alive. 59 solo piano works by nine composers are listed. In addition, according to the opinions of the piano instructors, it was seen that the use of solo piano works by Turkish women composers in education was limited, and suggestions were obtained regarding the dissemination of composers and their inclusion in education curricula. Four undergraduate students studying occupational music participated in the eight-week implementation phase, which was based on the Flipped Learning Model and the works were selected from the list of solo piano works by Turkish women composers and their suitability for student levels was determined with expert opinions. Within the framework of the Case Study Design of the study, each of the participating students was approached as a case and evaluated one by one. Observation notes and diaries obtained in the application were analyzed by content analysis; It was observed that the same themes as "Course Video Viewing", "The Effect of Course Materials on Student Preparation", "In-class Skill Achievement Situations" and "Teaching Methods" were formed xi in all four students, but within different code density was obtained for each student. Considering that the learning outcomes of the piano lessons students are taking, it was concluded that they obtained the point in question learning outcomes with the codes and categories named "Contribution to Technical Skills", "Contribution to Musical Skills" and "Interest in Research for The Work and Its Composer" that they obtained during and at the end of the process. In addition, variables such as family support for music, being a musician in the family and the age of starting piano education do not have a positive or negative effect on the effective use of the course materials prepared with the Flipped Learning Model; It has been concluded that this model is most effective in preparation, and it is more efficient in undergraduate processes where the responsibility of individual learning is taken into account, considering the undergraduate level of the student. It is thought that this study, in which four students are handled, is limited, but will contribute to piano educators and students who take piano education, as it provides a healthy preliminary preparation and a piano education perspective in which the student can take responsibility for learning.
Description
Keywords
Dönüştürülmüş öğrenme, Kadın besteciler, Piyano eğitimi, Piyano literatürü, Ters yüz öğrenme, Ters yüz sınıf modeli, Female composers, Flipped classroom, Flipped learning, Piano education, Piano literature, Women composers
Citation
Nergiz, E. (2022). Kadın bestecilerin solo piyano eserlerinin ters yüz öğrenme modeli ile piyano eğitiminde kullanılabilirliği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.